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Democracy in Pakistan: Value Change and Challenges of Institution Building

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  • Saeed Shafqat

    (Civil Services Academy, Lahore.)

Abstract

Democracy as a system of governance and interest representation demands respect for dissent and opposition. It recognises the principle of majority rule and guarantees protection of minorities. Democracy also builds faith in electoral contestation to gain public office and gives legitimacy to political parties as primary instruments for acquisition and transfer of power from one set of individuals to another. Unfortunately, despite the significance of the above elements, no serious studies have been undertaken on Pakistan’s experimentation with democracy. Given a history of weak party system and prolonged military rule, most of the studies focus on the military, political parties, constitutional history, or in a descriptive way, attribute the failure of democracy to the inadequacies of the politicians [Ahmed (1987); Rizvi (1987); Callard (1957) and Afzal (1976)]. It is only recently that some theoretically meaningful and rigorous empirical writings have appeared on elections, procedures and practices of electoral contestation and on problems of transition from authoritarian regimes towards democracy [Waseem (1989); Wilder (1995); Talyor (1992); Rais (1997) and Shafqat (1997)]. It merits attention and recognition that among the Muslim states and developing world, Pakistan is one of those few states, where people have shown vigour and some vitality to adopt a democratic parliamentary system and through popular mass movements demonstrated disapproval of military dictatorships. An enduring feature of Pakistani culture, history and politics has been an aspiration for democracy [Hugh and Rose (1997)]. The passion for democracy continues to resurge, despite ethnic, social class, religious cleavages, strong authoritarian tendencies and prolonged military rule.

Suggested Citation

  • Saeed Shafqat, 1998. "Democracy in Pakistan: Value Change and Challenges of Institution Building," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 37(4), pages 281-298.
  • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:37:y:1998:i:4:p:281-298
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    File URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1998/Volume4/281-298.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Weingast, Barry R., 1997. "The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of the Law," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 91(2), pages 245-263, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Beg, Sabrin, 2021. "Tenancy and clientelism," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 201-226.
    2. Fozia Bibi & Sumbal Jameel & Syed Umair Jalal, 2018. "What is Democracy? Challenges for Democracy in Pakistan," Global Political Review, Humanity Only, vol. 3(1), pages 66-75, June.
    3. Fozia Bibi & Sumbal Jameel & Syed Umair Jalal, 2018. "What is Democracy? Challenges for Democracy in Pakistan," Global Economics Review, Humanity Only, vol. 3(1), pages 66-75, June.

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