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Convergence and divergence of paternalistic leadership: A cross-cultural investigation of prototypes

Author

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  • Zeynep Aycan

    (Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey)

  • Birgit Schyns

    (Durham University Business School, Ushaw College, Durham, UK)

  • Jian-Min Sun

    (Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People’s Republic of China)

  • Jörg Felfe

    (Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany)

  • Noreen Saher

    (International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

Abstract

Paternalistic leaders provide care, nurturance, and guidance to employees in their professional and personal lives in a parental manner, and, in exchange, expect loyalty and deference from employees. This study aims at investigating how the paternalistic leadership (PL) prototype converges and diverges with prototypes of transformational, authoritarian, participative, and nurturant-task leadership (NTL) in six countries representing high power distance and collectivism (China, Turkey, and Pakistan) and low power distance and individualism (the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands). A total of 1272 employees from six countries participated in this study. Findings revealed that the PL prototype converged more strongly with authoritarian leadership and NTL in hierarchical and collectivistic cultures than in egalitarian and individualistic ones. The relationship of the PL prototype with that of transformational and participative leadership was similar across cultures. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings for international business are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeynep Aycan & Birgit Schyns & Jian-Min Sun & Jörg Felfe & Noreen Saher, 2013. "Convergence and divergence of paternalistic leadership: A cross-cultural investigation of prototypes," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 44(9), pages 962-969, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jintbs:v:44:y:2013:i:9:p:962-969
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yuyan Zheng & Les Graham & Jiing-Lih Farh & Xu Huang, 2021. "The Impact of Authoritarian Leadership on Ethical Voice: A Moderated Mediation Model of Felt Uncertainty and Leader Benevolence," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 170(1), pages 133-146, April.
    2. Yuan Jing Luo & Yan Ping Li & Jing Du, 2020. "Coping with Supervisor Sanctions During Organizational Change: Core Members’ Active Change Behavior and Followers’ Middle Way Thinking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-12, August.
    3. Xiaoyun Guang & Peerayuth Charoensukmongkol, 2022. "The effects of cultural intelligence on leadership performance among Chinese expatriates working in Thailand," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(1), pages 106-128, February.
    4. Ela Ünler & Bülent Kılıç, 2019. "Paternalistic Leadership and Employee Organizational Attitudes: The Role of Positive/Negative Affectivity," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(3), pages 21582440198, July.
    5. Pascual Berrone & Patricio Duran & Luis Gómez-Mejía & Pursey P M A R Heugens & Tatiana Kostova & Marc Essen, 2022. "Impact of informal institutions on the prevalence, strategy, and performance of family firms: A meta-analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 53(6), pages 1153-1177, August.
    6. Yijun Xing & Yipeng Liu & Fabian Jintae Froese & Manli Huang, 2023. "Advancing Chinese leadership research: review and future directions," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(2), pages 493-508, April.
    7. Pagda, Zeki & Bayraktar, Secil & Jimenez, Alfredo, 2021. "Exploring culture and leadership after 23 years: A replication of GLOBE project in Turkey," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1).
    8. Mansur, Juliana & Sobral, Filipe & Goldszmidt, Rafael, 2017. "Shades of paternalistic leadership across cultures," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(5), pages 702-713.
    9. Matthias Weiss & Laura Joan Salm & Miriam Muethel & Martin Hoegl, 2018. "Team personal-life inclusion in socially- versus task-oriented countries: A cross-cultural study of Chinese versus German teams," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(7), pages 919-928, September.
    10. Lythreatis, Sophie & Mostafa, Ahmed Mohammed Sayed & Pereira, Vijay & Wang, Xiaojun & Giudice, Manlio Del, 2021. "Servant leadership, CSR perceptions, moral meaningfulness and organizational identification- evidence from the Middle East," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(5).

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