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Dual Exchange Markets and Other Remedies for Disruptive Capital Flows (Doubles marchés et autres remèdes aux mouvements perturbateurs de capitaux) (Mercados cambiarios dobles y otros remedios para los flujos de capital perturbadores)

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  • J. Marcus Fleming

    (International Monetary Fund)

Abstract

In this paper, various policy instruments at the disposal of national governments for dealing with the problem of disruptive international capital flows or, more generally, the problem of temporary and reversible payments imbalances, are passed in review. The instruments examined include (1) separate (dual) exchange markets for capital and current transactions, (2) taxes and subsidies affecting capital transactions or income from capital, (3) official intervention in forward exchange markets, (4) monetary or interest rate policies (including the fiscal-monetary mix), (5) official financing or use of reserves, and (6) floating unitary exchange rates and wider margins. Attention is focused on the device of dual exchange markets, which is evaluated in comparison with each of the other approaches from the standpoint of allocative effects, scope, enforceability, flexibility, and so on. Dual markets, if conducted on appropriate lines, are found to compare favorably on the whole with most of the other policies, with the possible exception of floating unitary rates. The paper closes with a suggestion for a system of dual exchange markets with floating rates (subject to appropriate official intervention) on both markets. /// Dans la présente étude, l'auteur passe en revue les divers instruments de politique dont disposent les gouvernements nationaux pour traiter le problème des mouvements internationaux perturbateurs de capitaux, ou, de façon plus générale, le problème des déséquilibres temporaires et réversibles des paiements. Les instruments examinés sont les suivants: 1) établissement d'un double marché des changes, l'un pour les opérations courantes et l'autre pour les mouvements de capitaux; 2) taxes et subventions influençant les transactions en capital ou les revenus des capitaux; 3) intervention officielle sur les marchés des changes à terme; 4) politique monétaire ou en matière de taux d'intérêt (y compris le couplage des politiques fiscales et monétaires); 5) financement officiel ou utilisation des réserves et 6) taux de change flottants unitaires et élargissement des marges. L'étude s'intéresse tout particulièrement à la technique du double marché des changes et en évalue les avantages par rapport à chacune des autres, du point de vue de leurs effets de répartition, de leur portée, de la facilité à les appliquer, de leur souplesse, etc. L'auteur constate que la technique des doubles marchés, si elle est correctement appliquée, présente, au total, des avantages considérables sur la plupart des autres méthodes, à l'exception, peut-être, des taux flottants unitaires. Il conclut en proposant l'adoption d'un système de doubles marchés des changes assortis de taux flottants (sous réserve d'interventions officielles appropriées). /// En este artículo se examinan varios instrumentos de política de que disponen los gobiernos para hacer frente al problema de los flujos internacionales de capital perturbadores o, en términos más generales, al problema de los desequilibrios de pagos temporales y reversibles. Los instrumentos examinados incluyen: 1) mercados cambiarios separados (dobles) para las transacciones de capital y las corrientes, 2) impuestos y subsidios que afectan a las transacciones de capital o a las rentas del capital, 3) intervención oficial en los mercados de divisas a plazo, 4) políticas monetarias o de tipo de interés (inclusive una combinación fiscal-monetaria), 5) financiación oficial o uso de reservas, y 6) tipos de cambio unitarios flotantes y márgenes más amplios. El estudio se centra en el mecanismo de los mercados cambiarios dobles, evaluado en comparación con cada uno de los otros métodos desde el punto de vista de los efectos de asignación, el alcance, la observancia, la flexibilidad, etc. Si los mercados dobles se manejan según directrices apropiadas, pueden compararse favorablemente en términos generales con casi todas las demás políticas, con la posible excepción de los tipos unitarios flotantes. El estudio concluye con una sugerencia a favor de un sistema de mercados cambiarios dobles con tipos flotantes (sujeto a intervención oficial adecuada) en ambos mercados.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Marcus Fleming, 1974. "Dual Exchange Markets and Other Remedies for Disruptive Capital Flows (Doubles marchés et autres remèdes aux mouvements perturbateurs de capitaux) (Mercados cambiarios dobles y otros remedios para l," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(1), pages 1-27, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:imfstp:v:21:y:1974:i:1:p:1-27
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    Cited by:

    1. Salvador Valdés, 1989. "Control de Cambios en Países en Desarrollo," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 26(77), pages 115-144.

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