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Social Inequality, Local Leadership and Collective Action: An Empirical Study of Forest Commons

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  • Bhim Adhikari

    (School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan)

  • Salvatore Di Falco

    (London School of Economics and University of Kent)

Abstract

Previous research has identified a range of variables conducive to the self-organization of user groups for participatory resource management, including the physical and technical attributes of the resource, the characteristics of user groups and the nature of institutional arrangements. This paper focuses on household characteristics such as caste and income, and analyzes their impact on the probability of membership in the decision-making unit of local forest management institutions, drawing on primary data from a survey of eight community forest user groups in the mid-hills of Nepal. It shows in particular that members of households belonging to lower-caste groups have a lower probability of being elected as members of the executive committee of user groups. The participation of such households in village meetings, however, also increases the probability of membership within the executive decision-making unit, suggesting that household participation can help to achieve fairer forms of village-level collective action.La recherche sur les groupes participatifs de gestion des ressources a identifié un large éventail de variables favorisant leur émergence, y compris les attributs physiques et techniques des ressources en question, les caractéristiques des membres utilisateurs, ainsi que la nature des arrangements institutionnels. Cet article se focalise sur certaines caractéristiques des ménages dont sont issus les membres utilisateurs de ces groupes, telles que la caste et le revenu, et analyse leur impact sur la probabilité d’adhésion à l’organe exécutif de groupes locaux de gestion de ressources forestière, en se basant sur des données primaires tirées d’un recensement de huit groupes dans des communautés de la zone des collines du Népal. Il est démontré que les membres de ménages appartenant aux groupes de caste inférieure ont une probabilité moindre d’être élu au comité de direction. Cependant, la simple participation de ces ménages aux réunions de leur groupe augmente la probabilité d’adhésion d’un de leur membre à l’organe exécutif, suggérant que la participation elle-même peut intrinsèquement promouvoir des formes d’action collective plus justes au niveau local.European Journal of Development Research (2009) 21, 179–194. doi:10.1057/ejdr.2008.16

Suggested Citation

  • Bhim Adhikari & Salvatore Di Falco, 2009. "Social Inequality, Local Leadership and Collective Action: An Empirical Study of Forest Commons," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 21(2), pages 179-194, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:eurjdr:v:21:y:2009:i:2:p:179-194
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Nunan, Fiona & Menton, Mary & McDermott, Constance L. & Huxham, Mark & Schreckenberg, Kate, 2021. "How does governance mediate links between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation? Results from a systematic mapping and thematic synthesis of literature," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    2. Yadav, Bhagwan Dutta & Bigsby, Hugh & MacDonald, Ian, 2015. "How can poor and disadvantaged households get an opportunity to become a leader in community forestry in Nepal?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 27-38.
    3. Shrestha, Sujata & Shrestha, Uttam Babu, 2017. "Beyond money: Does REDD+ payment enhance household's participation in forest governance and management in Nepal's community forests?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 63-70.
    4. Persson, Joel & Prowse, Martin, 2017. "Collective action on forest governance: An institutional analysis of the Cambodian community forest system," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 70-79.
    5. Sukumar Sarkar & Biswajit Ray, 2020. "Collective Action and Tragedy of Tank Water," Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, , vol. 19(2), pages 224-249, December.
    6. Traldi, Rebecca & Silva, Julie A. & Potapov, Peter & Tyukavina, Alexandra & Epprecht, Michael & Gore, Meredith L. & Phompila, Chittana, 2023. "Cultivating inequality? Regional rubber dynamics and implications for voluntary sustainability programs in Lao PDR," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    7. St. Clair, Priscilla Cooke, 2016. "Community forest management, gender and fuelwood collection in rural Nepal," Journal of Forest Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 52-71.
    8. Promita Mukherjee & Biswajit Ray & Rabindra N. Bhattacharya, 2017. "Status differences in collective action and forest benefits: evidence from joint forest management in India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 19(5), pages 1831-1854, October.
    9. Sapkota, Prativa & Keenan, Rodney J. & Ojha, Hemant R., 2018. "Community institutions, social marginalization and the adaptive capacity: A case study of a community forestry user group in the Nepal Himalayas," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 55-64.
    10. Naidu, Sirisha C., 2011. "Access to benefits from forest commons in the Western Himalayas," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 202-210.
    11. Marchiori, Carmen, 2014. "Inequality and rules in the governance of water resources," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 124-129.

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