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The Structural Determinants of External Vulnerability

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Author Info
Norman V. Loayza
Claudio Raddatz

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Abstract

This article examines empirically how domestic structural characteristics related to openness and product- and factor-market flexibility influence the impact of terms of trade shocks on aggregate output. Applying semistructural vector autoregressions to a panel of 88 countries with annual observations for the period 1974--2000, the analysis isolates and standardizes the shocks, estimates their impact on GDP, and examines how this impact depends on the domestic conditions outlined above. The article finds that greater trade openness magnifies the output impact of terms of trade shocks, particularly negative ones, while financial openness reduces their impact. Flexibility of labor and firm-entry are beneficial, with labor flexibility dampening the impact of negative shocks and ease of firm-entry magnifying positive ones only. Domestic financial depth has a more nuanced role in stabilizing the economy. Analysis of interactions across structural determinants reveals complementarities among macroeconomic conditions (trade and financial openness and depth) and, separately, among microeconomic conditions (flexibility of labor markets and ease of firm-entry). Variables across these groups tend to behave as substitutes for each other. Copyright The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / the world bank. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org, Oxford University Press.

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File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/wber/lhm018
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Publisher Info
Article provided by Oxford University Press in its journal The World Bank Economic Review.

Volume (Year): 21 (2007)
Issue (Month): 3 (October)
Pages: 359-387
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Handle: RePEc:oup:wbecrv:v:21:y:2007:i:3:p:359-387

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References listed on IDEAS
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Raddatz, Claudio, 2009. "The wrath of God : macroeconomic costs of natural disasters," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5039, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  2. César Calderón & Norman V. Loayza & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, 2008. "Does Openness Imply Greater Vulnerability?," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 485, Central Bank of Chile. [Downloadable!]
  3. Collier, Paul & Goderis, Benedikt, 2009. "Structural policies for shock-prone developing countries," MPRA Paper 17311, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
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