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The Phantom Profits of the Opera: Nonprofit Ownership in the Arts as a Make-Buy Decision

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  • Kuan, Jennifer

Abstract

This article applies contract-theory to explain why nonprofits exist and how they compete for profits. Existing theories about nonprofits either assume that nonprofit organizations engage in "unprofitable" businesses and therefore rely on philanthropy and altruism, or that nonprofits can overcome severe informational asymmetries that for-profits cannot. Instead, I argue that nonprofits arise when consumers integrate into production; consumers, supported by institutions, organize to produce a nonrival good for their own consumption, and in so doing are able to achieve first-best. This modeling approach, developed in the context of classical performing arts, may have application in other industries in which nonprofits compete, such as health care, research and development (R&D), and education. Copyright 2001 by Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Kuan, Jennifer, 2001. "The Phantom Profits of the Opera: Nonprofit Ownership in the Arts as a Make-Buy Decision," The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 17(2), pages 507-520, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:oup:jleorg:v:17:y:2001:i:2:p:507-20
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    Cited by:

    1. Jens Prüfer, 2011. "Competition And Mergers Among Nonprofits," Journal of Competition Law and Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(1), pages 69-92.
    2. Patrick HERBST & Jens PRUFER, 2016. "Firms, Nonprofits, And Cooperatives: A Theory Of Organizational Choice," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 87(3), pages 315-343, December.
    3. Jiao Luo & Aseem Kaul, 2019. "Private action in public interest: The comparative governance of social issues," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(4), pages 476-502, April.
    4. Bruce Seaman, 2004. "Competition and the Non-Profit Arts: The Lost Industrial Organization Agenda," Journal of Cultural Economics, Springer;The Association for Cultural Economics International, vol. 28(3), pages 167-193, August.
    5. Monica Auteri & Richard Wagner, 2007. "The Organizational Architecture of Nonprofit Governance: Economic Calculation Within an Ecology of Enterprises," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 57-68, March.
    6. Diamond, Stephen F. & Kuan, Jennifer W., 2018. "Are the stock markets “rigged”? An empirical analysis of regulatory change," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 33-40.
    7. repec:pri:cpanda:wp30-dimaggio is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Paul DiMaggio, 2003. "Nonprofit Organizations and the Intersectoral Division of Labor in the Arts," Working Papers 37, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies..

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