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Banking Efficiency and Foreign Ownership in Transition: Is There Evidence of a Cream-Skimming Effect?

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Author Info
Jaroslav Borovicka () (CERGE-EI, Prague)

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Abstract

This paper revisits the issue of cost efficiency in the banking sector and the role of foreign ownership in European transition economies. The novelty of our approach is that we instrument for the decision of foreign investors to acquire domestic banks. This analysis allows us to evaluate the endogeneity bias that results from the so-called cream-skimming effect. Using a sample of 282 banks in 19 transition countries, we employ a two-stage instrumental variable approach. In the first stage, we estimate the probability of foreign acquisitions of domestic banks by implementing a panel probit model. In the second stage, the estimated propensity scores are used in the Battese and Coelli (1995) stochastic efficiency frontier specification. Although cost differences may also be caused by different product characteristics, our main finding is that the instrumental variable approach reveals that foreign ownership has a negative impact on cost efficiency. This observation indicates that in the transition countries studied the cream-skimming effect is significant, which implies that foreign investors tend to acquire the most cost efficient banks in the first place. JEL classification: C30, G21, G32

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank) in its journal Financial Stability Report.

Volume (Year): (2007)
Issue (Month): 13 (June)
Pages: 68-82
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Handle: RePEc:onb:oenbfs:y:2007:i:13:b:1

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Related research
Keywords: banking efficiency; stochastic efficiency frontier; foreign ownership; creamskimming effect;

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References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Allen N. Berger & David B. Humphrey, 1997. "Efficiency of Financial Institutions: International Survey and Directions for Future Research," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 97-05, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
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  2. Thierry Tressel & Enrica Detragiache & Poonam Gupta, 2006. "Foreign Banks in Poor Countries: Theory and Evidence," IMF Working Papers 06/18, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Vlad Manole & David A. Grigorian, 2002. "Determinants of Commercial Bank Performance in Transition: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis," IMF Working Papers 02/146, International Monetary Fund.
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  4. Heckman, James J, 1979. "Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 47(1), pages 153-61, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Battese, G E & Coelli, T J, 1995. "A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 325-32.
  6. Jan Hanousek & Evzen Kocenda & Jan Svejnar, 2005. "Origin and Concentration: Corporate Ownership, Control and Performance," CERGE-EI Working Papers wp259, The Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education - Economic Institute, Prague. [Downloadable!]
  7. Aigner, Dennis & Lovell, C. A. Knox & Schmidt, Peter, 1977. "Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 21-37, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Kraft, Evan & Tirtiroglu, Dogan, 1998. "Bank Efficiency in Croatia: A Stochastic-Frontier Analysis," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 282-300, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Djankov, Simeon & Hoekman, Bernard M, 2000. "Foreign Investment and Productivity Growth in Czech Enterprises," World Bank Economic Review, Oxford University Press, vol. 14(1), pages 49-64, January.
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  10. Fries, Steven & Taci, Anita, 2005. "Cost efficiency of banks in transition: Evidence from 289 banks in 15 post-communist countries," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 55-81, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Dan Luo & Shujie Yao, . "World Financial Crisis and the Rise of Chinese Commercial Banks," Discussion Papers 09/08, University of Nottingham, GEP. [Downloadable!]
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