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Redistributive Effects in a Dual Income Tax System

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  • Arnaldur Sölvi Kristjánsson

Abstract

Equity issues of the dual income tax (DIT) have until recently been left aside in the field of economics. Since a dual income tax needs different modeling from that for a comprehensive one, this paper offers firstly a quantitative framework to measure redistributive effects; it turns out that this involves both direct and indirect effects. This makes us able to show the conditions for the DIT to be inequality-reducing. The effects of horizontal inequity and reranking are also incorporated into the decomposition analysis. Secondly, partial effects of changes in tax parameters are presented; they are channeled through the direct and indirect effects and are not always straightforward. We find the effects of changes of labor income taxation mostly ambiguous on inequality, while changes in capital income taxation are mostly unambiguous. Thirdly, the new approach is applied to Icelandic data. In Iceland, tax redistribution decreased substantially from 1997 to 2007, largely due to the indirect effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Arnaldur Sölvi Kristjánsson, 2013. "Redistributive Effects in a Dual Income Tax System," FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 69(2), pages 148-166, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:mhr:finarc:urn:sici:0015-2218(201206)69:2_148:reiadi_2.0.tx_2-6
    DOI: 10.1628/001522108X666917
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    1. Anthony B. Atkinson & Thomas Piketty & Emmanuel Saez, 2011. "Top Incomes in the Long Run of History," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 49(1), pages 3-71, March.
    2. Boadway, Robin, 2005. "Income tax reform for a globalized world: The case for a dual income tax," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 910-927, December.
    3. Aronson, J. Richard & Lambert, Peter J., 1994. "Decomposing the Gini Coefficient to Reveal the Vertical, Horizontal, and Reranking Effects of Income Taxation," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association, vol. 47(2), pages 273-94, June.
    4. Aronson, J. Richard & Lambert, Peter J., 1994. "Decomposing the Gini Coefficient to Reveal the Vertical, Horizontal, and Reranking Effects of Income Taxation," National Tax Journal, National Tax Association;National Tax Journal, vol. 47(2), pages 273-294, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Arnaldur Kristjánsson & Peter Lambert, 2015. "Structural progression measures for dual income tax systems," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Thor O. Thoresen & Zhiyang Jia & Peter J. Lambert, 2013. "Distributional benchmarking in tax policy evaluations," Discussion Papers 765, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
    3. Jorge Onrubia & Fidel Picos-Sánchez & María Carmen Rodado, 2014. "Rethinking the Pfähler–Lambert decomposition to analyse real-world personal income taxes," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 21(4), pages 796-812, August.
    4. Stefano Boscolo, 2020. "On the Horizontal Inequity Effect of the Erosion of the PIT Base: The Case of Italy," Department of Economics (DEMB) 0176, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Department of Economics "Marco Biagi".
    5. Stefano Boscolo, 2019. "The Contribution of Proportional Taxes and Tax-Free Cash Benefits to Income Redistribution over the Period 2005-2018: Evidence from Italy," Department of Economics 0152, University of Modena and Reggio E., Faculty of Economics "Marco Biagi".
    6. Miyazaki, Takeshi & Kitamura, Yukinobu & 北村, 行伸 & Ohno, Taro, 2016. "Tax Reforms, Redistribution and Population Aging : Evidence from Japan," Discussion Paper Series 645, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    7. Stefano Boscolo, 2020. "On the Horizontal Inequity Effect of the Erosion of the PIT Base: The Case of Italy," Department of Economics 0176, University of Modena and Reggio E., Faculty of Economics "Marco Biagi".

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    redistributive effect; progressivity; dual income tax;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement

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