La distribución del éxito comercial en las industrias culturales es marcadamente asimétrica, donde gran parte de las ventas se concentran en unos pocos artistas. Esta asimetría puede surgir por la acumulación de conocimiento necesaria en el consumo de determinadas manifestaciones culturales y artísticas, lo que enfrenta a consumidores a costes de búsqueda y aprendizaje. El presente trabajo considera que los productores pueden explotar dichos costes a su favor; el esfuerzo promocional en las industrias culturales permite reducirlos y sesgar las decisiones de los consumidores, concentrando el éxito en aquellos artistas con mayor exposición en la cadena promocional. El análisis empírico se centra en la industria discográfica, y se investiga la influencia de la promoción de las compañías, medida indirectamente a través de la presencia de un álbum en radiofórmulas, y éxito comercial en la industria de la música pregrabada, que aproximamos por el número de semanas que el álbum pasa en listas de ventas. Los resultados son consistentes con la hipótesis de trabajo. The distribution of success in cultural industries is highly skewed, with most sales concentrated in a few artists. This asymmetry may arise as the consumption of many cultural manifestations implies the accumulation of knowledge, making consumers face search and learning costs. In this work we consider producers may exploit such asymmetries to their profit; we assume that promotion in the cultural industries reduces search costs biasing consumers that focus their purchasing decisions on those artists most exposed to the promotional value chain. The empirical analysis is focused on the phonographic industry, and we investigate the relationship between record labels promotion, indirectly measured as an album exposure in contemporary hit radio stations, and commercial success, as measured by number of weeks and album is in sale charts. Results are consistent with our hypothesis.
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Gary S. Becker & Nigel Tomes, 1994.
"X. Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families,"
NBER Chapters,
in: Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education (3rd Edition), pages 257-298
National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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