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Stationarity and Long Range Dependence of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence for Disaggregated Data

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  • Carlos Barros
  • Luis Gil-Alana
  • Fernando Perez de Gracia

Abstract

This paper examines the stationarity of global carbon dioxide emissions and its components—gas, liquids, solids, cement production and gas flaring, as well as global per capita emissions—for a long span of data using long range dependence techniques. The empirical results suggest that the series are highly persistent with orders of integration which are above 1 in practically all cases. Disaggregating the data by components, cement production displays the highest persistence, and allowing for structural breaks, two breaks are detected (at 1830 and 1946) for the total series and solids, and one single break (at 1946) for gas, liquids and cement production. In general, higher orders of integration are detected after the break at World War II. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Barros & Luis Gil-Alana & Fernando Perez de Gracia, 2016. "Stationarity and Long Range Dependence of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence for Disaggregated Data," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 63(1), pages 45-56, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:enreec:v:63:y:2016:i:1:p:45-56
    DOI: 10.1007/s10640-014-9835-3
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Belbute, José M. & Pereira, Alfredo M., 2022. "ARFIMA Reference Forecasts for Worldwide CO2 Emissions and the National Dimension of the Policy Efforts to Meet IPCC Targets," Journal of Economic Development, The Economic Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, vol. 47(1), pages 1-27, March.
    2. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Khraief, Naceur & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2019. "How Do Carbon Emissions Respond to Economic Shocks? Evidence from Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries," MPRA Paper 93976, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 15 May 2019.
    3. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2017. "Per capita carbon dioxide emissions across U.S. states by sector and fossil fuel source: Evidence from club convergence tests," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 365-372.
    4. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Luis A. Gil-Alana & Nieves Carmona-González, 2020. "Particulate Matter 10 (PM10): Persistence and Trends in Eight European Capitals," CESifo Working Paper Series 8402, CESifo.
    5. Belbute, José M. & Pereira, Alfredo M., 2020. "Reference forecasts for CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production in Portugal," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    6. Firouz Fallahi, 2020. "Persistence and unit root in $$\text {CO}_{2}$$CO2 emissions: evidence from disaggregated global and regional data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(5), pages 2155-2179, May.
    7. Luis A. Gil-Alana & Tommaso Trani, 2019. "Time Trends and Persistence in the Global CO2 Emissions Across Europe," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 73(1), pages 213-228, May.
    8. José M. Belbute & Alfredo Marvão Pereira, 2016. "Updated Reference Forecasts for Global CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Consumption," Working Papers 170, Department of Economics, College of William and Mary.
    9. Sahib Oad & Qu Jinliang & Syed Babar Hussain Shah & Shafique-ul-Rehman Memon, 2022. "Tourism: economic development without increasing CO2 emissions in Pakistan," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 4000-4023, March.
    10. Belloc, Ignacio & Molina, José Alberto, 2023. "Are greenhouse gas emissions converging in Latin America? Implications for environmental policies," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 337-356.
    11. Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel & Driha, Oana M. & Bekun, Festus & Sinha, Avik & Fatai Adedoyin, Festus, 2020. "Consequences of COVID-19 on the social isolation of the Chinese economy: accounting for the role of reduction in carbon emissions," MPRA Paper 102894, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2020.
    12. Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa & Inekwe, John & Ivanovski, Kris & Smyth, Russell, 2020. "Stationarity properties of per capita CO2 emissions in the OECD in the very long-run: A replication and extension analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    13. Ivanovski, Kris & Awaworyi Churchill, Sefa, 2020. "Convergence and determinants of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia: A regional analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Carbon dioxide emissions; Long memory; Fractional integration; Stationarity; C32;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models

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