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Direction-of-change forecasting using a volatility-based recurrent neural network

Author

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  • S. D. Bekiros

    (CeNDEF, Department of Quantitative Economics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • D. A. Georgoutsos

    (Department of Accounting and Finance, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece)

Abstract

This paper investigates the profitability of a trading strategy, based on recurrent neural networks, that attempts to predict the direction-of-change of the market in the case of the NASDAQ composite index. The sample extends over the period 8 February 1971 to 7 April 1998, while the sub-period 8 April 1998 to 5 February 2002 has been reserved for out-of-sample testing purposes. We demonstrate that the incorporation in the trading rule of estimates of the conditional volatility changes strongly enhances its profitability, after the inclusion of transaction costs, during bear market periods. This improvement is being measured with respect to a nested model that does not include the volatility variable as well as to a buy-and-hold strategy. We suggest that our findings can be justified by invoking either the 'volatility feedback' theory or the existence of portfolio insurance schemes in the equity markets. Our results are also consistent with the view that volatility dependence produces sign dependence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • S. D. Bekiros & D. A. Georgoutsos, 2008. "Direction-of-change forecasting using a volatility-based recurrent neural network," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(5), pages 407-417.
    • Handle: RePEc:jof:jforec:v:27:y:2008:i:5:p:407-417
    DOI: 10.1002/for.1063
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    Cited by:

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    2. Anatolyev Stanislav, 2009. "Multi-Market Direction-of-Change Modeling Using Dependence Ratios," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 13(1), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Sermpinis, Georgios & Theofilatos, Konstantinos & Karathanasopoulos, Andreas & Georgopoulos, Efstratios F. & Dunis, Christian, 2013. "Forecasting foreign exchange rates with adaptive neural networks using radial-basis functions and Particle Swarm Optimization," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 225(3), pages 528-540.
    4. Roch, Oriol, 2013. "Histogram-based prediction of directional price relatives," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 110-115.
    5. Georgios Sermpinis & Andreas Karathanasopoulos & Rafael Rosillo & David Fuente, 2021. "Neural networks in financial trading," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 297(1), pages 293-308, February.
    6. Shiyi Chen & Wolfgang K. Härdle & Kiho Jeong, 2010. "Forecasting volatility with support vector machine-based GARCH model," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(4), pages 406-433.
    7. Stanislav Anatolyev & Natalia Kryzhanovskaya, 2009. "Directional Prediction of Returns under Asymmetric Loss: Direct and Indirect Approaches," Working Papers w0136, New Economic School (NES).
    8. Luis H. R. Alvarez E. & Paavo Salminen, 2017. "Timing in the presence of directional predictability: optimal stopping of skew Brownian motion," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 86(2), pages 377-400, October.
    9. Gradojevic, Nikola & Kukolj, Dragan & Adcock, Robert & Djakovic, Vladimir, 2023. "Forecasting Bitcoin with technical analysis: A not-so-random forest?," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 1-17.
    10. Thierry Warin & Aleksandar Stojkov, 2021. "Machine Learning in Finance: A Metadata-Based Systematic Review of the Literature," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-31, July.

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