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Der Einfluß von Imputed Rent auf die personelle Einkommensverteilung. The Impact of Imputed Rent on the Personal Distribution of Income

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  • Frick Joachim R.

    (DIW Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 5, D-14195 Berlin)

  • Grabka Markus M.

    (M. A., DIW Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 5, D-14195 Berlin)

Abstract

This article deals with various methods concerning income advantages of owner occupied housing (imputed rental value or imputed rents), which shows to be one of the most important nonmonetary income components. We also explore the effects of such advantages on the personal distribution of income. Following a description of the theoretical aspects of the various methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages, an empirical study based on the micro-data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) is then presented. In conclusion, recommendations for taking imputed rent into account in analysis of the distribution of individual income and income mobility are given, based on the theoretical framework and the empirical results of this study. Most important results of our analysis include (a) a slight decrease in overall income inequality due to the inclusion of imputed rent, and (b) a positive income advantage for the elderly, thus confirming the specific role of owner occupied housing as a means of old age provision.

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  • Frick Joachim R. & Grabka Markus M., 2001. "Der Einfluß von Imputed Rent auf die personelle Einkommensverteilung. The Impact of Imputed Rent on the Personal Distribution of Income," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 221(3), pages 285-308, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:jns:jbstat:v:221:y:2001:i:3:p:285-308
    DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2001-0304
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    1. Markus M. Grabka, 2006. "Codebook for the $PEQUIV File 1984-2005: CNEF Variables with Extended Income Information for the SOEP," Data Documentation 12, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    2. Markus M. Grabka, 2007. "Codebook for the $PEQUIV File 1984-2006: CNEF Variables with Extended Income Information for the SOEP," Data Documentation 21, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Joachim R. Frick & Markus M. Grabka, 2002. "The Personal Distribution of Income and Imputed Rent: A Cross-National Comparison for the UK, West Germany and the USA," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 271, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    4. Frick, Joachim R. & Grabka, Markus M. & Smeeding, Timothy M. & Tsakloglou, Panos, 2010. "Distributional Effects of Imputed Rents in Five European Countries," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 19(3), pages 167-179.
    5. Kumpmann Ingmar & Gühne Michael & Buscher Herbert S., 2012. "Armut im Alter – Ursachenanalyse und eine Projektion für das Jahr 2023: Old Age Poverty – Causes and a Projection for 2023," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 232(1), pages 61-83, February.
    6. Markus M. Grabka, 2011. "Codebook for the $PEQUIV File 1984-2010: CNEF Variables with Extended Income Information for the SOEP," Data Documentation 57, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    7. Joachim R. Frick & Jan Goebel & Markus M. Grabka, 2007. "Assessing the Distributional Impact of "Imputed Rent" and "Non-cash Employee Income" in Microdata: Case Studies Based on EU-SILC (2004) and SOEP (2002)," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 2, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    8. Markus M. Grabka, 2005. "Codebook for the $PEQUIV File 1984-2004: CNEF Variables with Extended Income Information for the SOEP," Data Documentation 7, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    9. Kurz, Claudia & Hoffmann, Johannes, 2004. "A rental-equivalence index for owner-occupied housing in West Germany 1985 to 1998," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2004,08, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    10. Markus M. Grabka, 2008. "Codebook for the $PEQUIV File 1984-2007: CNEF Variables with Extended Income Information for the SOEP," Data Documentation 34, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    11. Hoffmann, Johannes & Kurz, Claudia, 2002. "Rent indices for housing in West Germany 1985 to 1998," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2002,01, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    12. Markus M. Grabka, 2012. "Codebook for the $PEQUIV File 1984-2011: CNEF Variables with Extended Income Information for the SOEP," Data Documentation 65, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.

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