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The earnings effects of sexual orientation

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Author Info
Dan A. Black
Hoda R. Makar
Seth G. Sanders
Lowell J. Taylor

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Abstract

This investigation of the effect of sexual orientation on earnings employs General Social Survey data from 1989-96. Depending largely on the definition of sexual orientation used, earnings are estimated as having been between 14% and 16% lower for gay men than for heterosexual men, and between 20% and 34% higher for lesbian women than for heterosexual women. This evidence, the authors suggest, is consistent with either of two complementary constructions: Gary Becker's argument that male/female earnings differentials are rooted in specialization within households and in optimal human capital accumulation decisions individuals make when they are young; and Claudia Goldin's observations about marriage-based gender discrimination, according to which the paternalistic 'protection' of wives and mothers from the world of work has tended to overlook lesbians. (Author's abstract.) (Free full-text download available at http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/ilrreview/.)

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File URL: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/ilrreview/vol56/iss3/5
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Publisher Info
Article provided by ILR Review, ILR School, Cornell University in its journal ILR Review.

Volume (Year): 56 (2003)
Issue (Month): 3 (April)
Pages: 449-469
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Handle: RePEc:ilr:articl:v:56:y:2003:i:3:p:449-469

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  1. Nasser Daneshvary & C. Waddoups & Bradley Wimmer, 2008. "Educational Attainment and the Lesbian Wage Premium," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 29(4), pages 365-379, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Madeline Zavodny, 2008. "Is there a ‘marriage premium’ for gay men?," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 369-389, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Madeline Zavodny, 2007. "Is There a ‘Marriage Premium’ for Gay Men?," IZA Discussion Papers 3192, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  4. Nick Drydakis, . "Sexual Orientation, Demography and Labor Relations," Working Papers 0906, University of Crete, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  5. Fu, Shihe, 2008. "Sexual orientation and neighborhood quality: Do same-sex couples make better communities?," MPRA Paper 7678, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
  6. Christopher Carpenter, 2008. "Sexual orientation, income, and non-pecuniary economic outcomes: new evidence from young lesbians in Australia," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 391-408, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Antecol, Heather & Steinberger, Michael, 2009. "Female Labor Supply Differences by Sexual Orientation: A Semi-Parametric Decomposition Approach," IZA Discussion Papers 4029, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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This page was last updated on 2009-11-23.

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