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La deserción en el nivel medio de la educación en la República Argentina. Cálculo de tasas de abandono e identificación de algunos factores que se le asocian

Author

Listed:
  • Roberto Giuliodori

    (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Departamento de Estadística y Matemática (Córdoba, Argentina))

  • María Andrea Giuliodori

    (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Departamento de Estadística y Matemática (Córdoba, Argentina))

  • Mariana González

    (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Departamento de Estadística y Matemática (Córdoba, Argentina))

Abstract

En el presente trabajo se estudia la deserción en el nivel medio de la enseñanza de Argentina abordando dos aspectos de la problemática: el cálculo de las tasas de abandono, con discriminaciones por regiones del país, sexo y años, y la identificación, mediante la aplicación de un modelo matemático, de algunos factores que influyen significativamente sobre la probabilidad que un estudiante no concluya sus estudios. En la metodología aplicada se hace uso de información ajena al sistema educativo, valiéndose de datos proporcionados por la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares y el Módulo sobre Educación de Mayo de 1998. La coherencia entre los resultados obtenidos y los indicadores que surgen de las estadísticas educativas, permite atribuir una confiabilidad razonable a los métodos de estimación utilizados y al empleo de esta fuente de información alternativa, que tiene la ventaja de posibilitar la incorporación de ciertas variables importantes para el análisis. Los resultados revelan que la tasa de deserción a través del tiempo presenta una disminución hasta mediados de la década de los 60 y posterior crecimiento, que se torna de fuerte intensidad a partir de los 80. También ponen de manifiesto la existencia de diferencias significativas entre sexos y entre regiones del país. El modelo de regresión logística empleado permite señalar algunos factores de riesgo asociados a la deserción y cuantificar su incidencia. Ellos son: la vocación por el estudio, la necesidad de trabajar, la repitencia en el primario, la edad de ingreso al secundario, el tipo de escuela de nivel medio a que asiste y el sexo. / In this paper the Argentina's secondary school drop out is studied through two aspects: the estimation of the drop out rates by regions, sex and years, and the identification, by applying a mathematic model, of some factors that are significant to explain the likelihood of an student leaves school before finishing his studies. The data used to perform the estimations were taken outside the educational system, since they were provided by the Household Survey (and its Education Module) collected in 1998 by the National Statistic Office. Consistency between results that were obtained by using estimations based on Household Survey information and the indicators produced by the educational system, was acceptable, and, in addition, the former had the advantage of allowing to add other socioeconomic variables useful for the analysis. Results revealed that the drop out rate decreased up to the middle of the 60' decade, and then began an increasing trend that became heavy from the beginning of the 80' decade. They also have showed that rates differ significantly as differences between sex, and country regions were introduced. The applied logistic model allowed to select some risk variables that account for the probability of drop out. They were: vocation for studying, need to work, the student age at the moment of accessing to the secondary school, to repeat in primary level, type of secondary school, and sex.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Giuliodori & María Andrea Giuliodori & Mariana González, 2004. "La deserción en el nivel medio de la educación en la República Argentina. Cálculo de tasas de abandono e identificación de algunos factores que se le asocian," Revista de Economía y Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Instituto de Economía y Finanzas, vol. 42(1), pages 71-92, Junio.
  • Handle: RePEc:ief:reveye:v:42:y:2004:i:1:p:71-92
    DOI: 10.55444/2451.7321.2004.v42.n1.3799
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Deserción; nivel medio; enseñanza; Argentina;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education

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