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Wind Farm Wake: The Horns Rev Photo Case

Author

Listed:
  • Charlotte Bay Hasager

    (Technical University of Denmark, DTU Wind Energy, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Leif Rasmussen

    (Retired Senior Meteorologist from Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 København Ø, Denmark)

  • Alfredo Peña

    (Technical University of Denmark, DTU Wind Energy, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

  • Leo E. Jensen

    (DONG Energy, Kraftværksvej 53, 7000 Fredericia, Denmark)

  • Pierre-Elouan Réthoré

    (Technical University of Denmark, DTU Wind Energy, Risø Campus, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark)

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to examine the nowadays well-known wind farm wake photographs taken on 12 February 2008 at the offshore Horns Rev 1 wind farm. The meteorological conditions are described from observations from several satellite sensors quantifying clouds, surface wind vectors and sea surface temperature as well as ground-based information at and near the wind farm, including Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data. The SCADA data reveal that the case of fog formation occurred 12 February 2008 on the 10:10 UTC. The fog formation is due to very special atmospheric conditions where a layer of cold humid air above a warmer sea surface re-condensates to fog in the wake of the turbines. The process is fed by warm humid air up-drafted from below in the counter-rotating swirl generated by the clock-wise rotating rotors. The condensation appears to take place primarily in the wake regions with relatively high axial velocities and high turbulent kinetic energy. The wind speed is near cut-in and most turbines produce very little power. The rotational pattern of spiraling bands produces the large-scale structure of the wake fog.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotte Bay Hasager & Leif Rasmussen & Alfredo Peña & Leo E. Jensen & Pierre-Elouan Réthoré, 2013. "Wind Farm Wake: The Horns Rev Photo Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(2), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:6:y:2013:i:2:p:696-716:d:23414
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Charlotte Bay Hasager & Nicolai Gayle Nygaard & Gregory S. Poulos, 2023. "Wind Farm Blockage Revealed by Fog: The 2018 Horns Rev Photo Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Yanfang Chen & Young Hoon Joo & Dongran Song, 2022. "Multi-Objective Optimisation for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farm Based on Decoupled Groups Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-24, March.
    3. Davide Astolfi & Fabrizio De Caro & Alfredo Vaccaro, 2023. "Characterizing the Wake Effects on Wind Power Generator Operation by Data-Driven Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, August.
    4. Antonio Colmenar-Santos & Severo Campíez-Romero & Lorenzo Alfredo Enríquez-Garcia & Clara Pérez-Molina, 2014. "Simplified Analysis of the Electric Power Losses for On-Shore Wind Farms Considering Weibull Distribution Parameters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-30, October.
    5. Bukurije Hoxha & Igor K. Shesho & Risto V. Filkoski, 2022. "Analysis of Wind Turbine Distances Using a Novel Techno-Spatial Approach in Complex Wind Farm Terrains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-16, October.
    6. Zhenzhou Shao & Ying Wu & Li Li & Shuang Han & Yongqian Liu, 2019. "Multiple Wind Turbine Wakes Modeling Considering the Faster Wake Recovery in Overlapped Wakes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-14, February.
    7. Zhaobin Li & Xiaohao Liu & Xiaolei Yang, 2022. "Review of Turbine Parameterization Models for Large-Eddy Simulation of Wind Turbine Wakes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-28, September.
    8. Nathan Trantham & Alfredo Garcia, 2015. "Reputation Dynamics in Networks: Application to Cyber Security of Wind Farms," Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 18(4), pages 339-348, July.
    9. Coilín ÓhAiseadha & Gerré Quinn & Ronan Connolly & Michael Connolly & Willie Soon, 2020. "Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-49, September.
    10. Charlotte Bay Hasager & Nicolai Gayle Nygaard & Patrick J. H. Volker & Ioanna Karagali & Søren Juhl Andersen & Jake Badger, 2017. "Wind Farm Wake: The 2016 Horns Rev Photo Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-24, March.
    11. Fernando Porté-Agel & Yu-Ting Wu & Chang-Hung Chen, 2013. "A Numerical Study of the Effects of Wind Direction on Turbine Wakes and Power Losses in a Large Wind Farm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-17, October.

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