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Formulating the imputed cost of equity capital for priced services at Federal Reserve banks

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Author Info
Edward J. Green
Jose A. Lopez
Zhenyu Wang

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Abstract

This paper was presented at the conference "Economic Statistics: New Needs for the Twenty-First Century," cosponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, and the National Association for Business Economics, July 11, 2002. According to the 1980 Monetary Control Act, the Federal Reserve Banks must establish fees for their priced services to recover all operating costs as well as the imputed costs of capital and taxes that would be incurred by a profit-making firm. Since 2002, the Federal Reserve has made fundamental changes to the calculations used to set the imputed costs. This article describes and analyzes the current approach, which is based on a simple average of three methods as applied to a peer group of bank holding companies. The methods estimate the cost of equity capital from three perspectives_the historical average of comparable accounting earnings, the discounted value of expected future cash flows, and the equilibrium price of investment risk as per the capital asset pricing model. The authors show that the current approach also provides stable and sensible estimates of the cost of equity capital over the past twenty years.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Federal Reserve Bank of New York in its journal Economic Policy Review.

Volume (Year): (2003)
Issue (Month): Sep ()
Pages: 55-81
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fednep:y:2003:i:sep:p:55-81:n:v.9no.3

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Keywords: Federal Reserve banks - Service charges Bank holding companies Bank capital Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Bollerslev, Tim & Engle, Robert F & Wooldridge, Jeffrey M, 1988. "A Capital Asset Pricing Model with Time-Varying Covariances," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 96(1), pages 116-31, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Michaely, Roni & Womack, Kent L, 1999. "Conflict of Interest and the Credibility of Underwriter Analyst Recommendations," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(4), pages 653-86.
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    Other versions:
  4. Hansen, Lars Peter & Jagannathan, Ravi, 1991. "Implications of Security Market Data for Models of Dynamic Economies," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(2), pages 225-62, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  5. Wayne E. Ferson & Campbell R. Harvey, 1999. "Conditioning Variables and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns," NBER Working Papers 7009, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. A. Craig MacKinlay & Lubos Pastor, . "Asset Pricing Models: Implications for Expected Returns and Portfolio Selection," Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research Working Papers 13-99, Wharton School Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Merton, Robert C, 1973. "An Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 41(5), pages 867-87, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Chen, Nai-Fu & Roll, Richard & Ross, Stephen A, 1986. "Economic Forces and the Stock Market," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 59(3), pages 383-403, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. Pilloff, Steven J, 1996. "Performance Changes and Shareholder Wealth Creation Associated with Mergers of Publicly Traded Banking Institutions," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 28(3), pages 294-310, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. repec:fth:pennfi:72 is not listed on IDEAS
  13. Edward J. Green & Jose A. Lopez & Zhenyu Wang, 2001. "The Federal Reserve banks' imputed cost of equity capital," Working Papers in Applied Economic Theory 2001-01, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. [Downloadable!]
  14. Roll, Richard, 1977. "A critique of the asset pricing theory's tests Part I: On past and potential testability of the theory," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(2), pages 129-176, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. Victor Zarnowitz & Phillip Braun, 1994. "Twenty-two Years of the NBER-ASA Quarterly Economic Outlook Surveys: Aspects and Comparisons of Forecasting Performance," NBER Working Papers 3965, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. R. Alton Gilbert & David C. Wheelock & Paul W. Wilson, 2002. "New evidence on the Fed's productivity in providing payments services," Working Papers 2002-020, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. [Downloadable!]
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  19. Shanken, Jay, 1992. "On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models," Review of Financial Studies, Oxford University Press for Society for Financial Studies, vol. 5(1), pages 1-33. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. Black, Fischer, 1972. "Capital Market Equilibrium with Restricted Borrowing," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 45(3), pages 444-55, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Alfredo Martín-Oliver & Vicente Salas-Fumás & Jesús Saurina, 2007. "Measurement of capital stock and input services of Spanish banks," Banco de España Working Papers 0711, Banco de España. [Downloadable!]
  2. Michelle L. Barnes & Jose A. Lopez, 2006. "What is the Federal Reserve banks' imputed cost of equity capital?," FRBSF Economic Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Apr 7. [Downloadable!]
  3. Michelle L. Barnes & Jose A. Lopez, 2005. "Alternative measures of the Federal Reserve banks' cost of equity capital," Public Policy Discussion Paper 05-2, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Gur Huberman & Zhenyu Wang, 2005. "Arbitrage pricing theory," Staff Reports 216, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [Downloadable!]
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