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19. Yüzyıl'da Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Süngercilik Ve İzmir Limanı'ndan Sünger İhracatı (1850-1900)

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  • Sıtkı YÜREKLİ

    (European University of Lefke)

Abstract

Çalışmada 19. yüzyılda bir “zoophyte” olarak tasnifi yapılmiş deniz canlısı süngerin denizaltından çıkartılmasına dayalı süngercilik bir iktisadi faaliyet olarak Osmanlı İmparatorluğu sınırları dahilinde ele alınmaktadır. Burada sunulan bilgiler, bu konuda yapılmış sayılı çalışmanın yanısıra ulaşılan tarihi veri kaynaklarından edinilmiş verilere dayanmaktadır. Bu veriler dahilinde, bir iktisadi faaliyet olarak tanımlanması yanısıra, süngerciliği etkileyen gelişmeler de açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca süngerin 19. yüzyılda İzmir'den gerçekleştirilen toplam ihracat içerisinde azımsanmayacak paya sahip bir ihraç ürünü olarak, uluslararası piyasalarda rekabet gücünü de belirleyen kendisine has özelliklerine de değinilmektedir. Dahası, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, bu ekonomik faaliyet üzerinde önemli etkileri ortaya çıkan belli teknik gelişmeler de sözkonusudur. Süngercilik tekniklerindeki bu gelişmelerden de bahsedilmekte ve etkileri açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Nihai olarak, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun en önemli ihraç limanlarından birisi olan İzmir’den gerçekleştirilen sünger ihracatının, 19. yüzyıl ikinci yarısı boyunca gösterdiği gelişmelerin belirleyenleri de tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Suggested Citation

  • Sıtkı YÜREKLİ, 2011. "19. Yüzyıl'da Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda Süngercilik Ve İzmir Limanı'ndan Sünger İhracatı (1850-1900)," Ekonomik Yaklasim, Ekonomik Yaklasim Association, vol. 22(79), pages 71-106.
  • Handle: RePEc:eyd:eyjrnl:v:22:y:2011:i:79:p:71-106
    DOI: 10.5455/ey.20029
    Note: [English Title] Sponge Gathering in the 19th Century Ottoman Empire and Sponge Exports from Smyrna Port (1850-1900) [English Abstract] In this study gathering the marine “zoophyte” of sponge, as it's been classified in the 19th century, has been tried to be explained as a distinctive economic activity which has taken place within the borders of the Ottoman Empire during the same period. Findings given in the study mostly lean on the primary sources of information and the limited number of studies realized before. Based on these sources, not only the economic activity itself, but also the main factors which ought to have an effect on the gathering process are tried to be mentioned. Additionally, the distinctive characteristics of sponges which has been gathered from the mentioned sea basins described into the study. As an export item with its considerably high share in the total exports of Smyrna in the 19th century, these characteristics has a considerable effect on it's competitiveness in the international markets. Moreover, this economic activity has experienced several technical improvements in the second half of the 19th century. These technical improvements which have had an effect on the sponge gathering process are also mentioned. Finally, the main variables which have considerably changed the trends of sponge exports in Smyrna trade, one of the most important ports of Ottoman Empire in the second half of the 19th century, are also given in the study. [English Keywords] Sponge, Sponge gathering, Sponge Trade, 19th Century Ottoman Empire Foreign Trade, 19th Century Smyrna Port.
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    Keywords

    Sünger; Süngercilik; Sünger Ticareti; 19. Yüzyıl Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Dış Ticareti; 19. Yüzyıl İzmir Limanı İhracatı.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N55 - Economic History - - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment and Extractive Industries - - - Asia including Middle East
    • N75 - Economic History - - Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services - - - Asia including Middle East
    • N85 - Economic History - - Micro-Business History - - - Asia including Middle East
    • N95 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Asia including Middle East

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