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Medición multidimensional de la pobreza en México

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  • Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social.

    (Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social.)

Abstract

This paper presents the theoretical and operational criteria followed by El Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (The National Council for Evaluation of the Social Development Policy, Coneval) to define the methodology for measuring multidimensional poverty. The multidimensional methodology was launched in 2009 and establishes the way in which poverty is officially identified and measured in Mexico. The methodology is illustrated with data for 2010 and 2012. This form of measurement has three characteristics that make it different from other methods. First, this approach uses a multidimensional method based on universal social rights. Second, unlike other theoretical-methodological paradigms for multidimensional poverty measurement that combine all dimensions into a single index, the identification of people in poverty, under this perspective, uses a bivariate Euclidian space measure. Income is evaluated on the first space, while a number of social deprivations are quantified on the second space. Third, the methodology classifies the population into different groups according to their poverty or vulnerable status, which helps to recommend differentiated public policy strategies and actions for each economic and social dimension. This allows more efficiency not only in targeting the poor but also in distributing social budgets. A fourth element, shared with other approaches, refers to the possibility of disaggregating the poverty measure for different groups of populations, such as, age, sex, ethnicity and territorial level.// Este documento presenta los elementos teóricos y criterios operativos seguidos por el Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (Coneval) para definir la metodología de medición multidimensional de la pobreza. La metodología multidimensional se constituyó, a partir de 2009, en la forma como oficialmente se identifica y mide la pobreza en México. La metodología es ilustrada con resultados para 2010 y 2012. Esta manera de medición tiene tres características que la hacen diferente respecto a otros métodos. Primero, este enfoque utiliza una aproximación multidimensional basada en derechos sociales universales. Segundo, a diferencia de otros paradigmas teórico metodológicos para la medición multidimensional de la pobreza que combinan en un solo índice todas las dimensiones, la identificación de las personas en pobreza, según esta perspectiva, utiliza una medida bidimensional. En una dimensión se presenta el ingreso y, en la otra, se cuantifican las carencias sociales. Tercero, la metodología clasifica la población en distintos grupos de acuerdo con su condición de pobreza o vulnerabilidad, lo que ayuda a que se recomienden instrumentos de políticas públicas diferenciados en materia económica y social dirigidos a cada dimensión específica. Esto permite ser más eficiente no sólo para focalizar y atender a la población pobre sino también para distribuir el gasto social. Existe un cuarto elemento, compartido con otros enfoques, que se refiere a la posibilidad de desagregar la información de pobreza para diferentes grupos de población, por ejemplo, según edad, sexo, condición étnica y a nivel territorial.

Suggested Citation

  • Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social., 2014. "Medición multidimensional de la pobreza en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(321), pages 5-42, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:81:y:2014:i:321:p:5-42
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v81i321.151
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    File URL: http://www.eltrimestreeconomico.com.mx/index.php/te/article/view/151/151
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    Keywords

    medición multidimensional de la pobreza; pobreza; derechos humanos; identificación; desagregación; bienestar económico; focalización; política pública. Classification- JEL: I32; O10; O54.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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