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En busca del oro ¿Qué determina el éxito en competencias deportivas internacionales?

Author

Listed:
  • Contreras, Dante

    (Universidad de Chile)

  • Gómez-Lobo, Andrés

    (Universidad de Chile)

Abstract

This paper examines the determinants of sporting success of different countries in the Pan-American Games during the 1959-1999 period. The data consists of a panel of participant countries, where the variable of interest corresponds to the number of medals obtained by each country in each of the Games. The empirical model assumes that international sporting success depends on the effort and resources devoted to this activity as well as resource endowment, including population size, GDP, infant mortality, the percentage of Afro-Americans in the population. A set of dummy variables identifying whether the country is a host of the competition or a neighbor country were also included. Since the number of medals a country wins will depend on the effort and resources of the other countries in competition, the econometric estimate must take into account the variance-covariance matrix of the correlation of errors among countries. The results show that population size and GDP are not significantly correlated with the number of medals obtained in Pan-American Games when unobservable effects are accounted for. These results would be consistent with the hypothesis that more than size or wealth of a country what really determine success in international sports competition is the investment made by countries in developing such activities.// Este artículo examina los determinantes del logro deportivo en los Juegos Panamericanos durante el periodo 1959-1999. La muestra considera un panel de países participantes, en el que la variable por explicar corresponde al número de medallas obtenidas. El modelo empírico planteado supone que el éxito deportivo depende de un conjunto de variables o recursos de los países, entre ellas el tamaño de la población, PIB, mortalidad infantil, porcentaje de población afroamericana y variables discretas que miden si el país en competencia actuaba como local o “vecino”. Dado que el número de medallas obtenidas depende del esfuerzo y recursos de los otros países en competencia, la estimación econométrica incorpora en la matriz de varianza-covarianza dicha correlación de errores. Los resultados indican que si se controla por efectos no observables por país, las variables de población y PIB no parecen afectar el número de medallas ganadas en los Juegos Panamericanos. Este resultado sería congruente con la hipótesis de que más que el tamaño o riqueza del país, lo que determina el éxito deportivo de élite son los recursos que se invierten en desarrollar esta actividad.

Suggested Citation

  • Contreras, Dante & Gómez-Lobo, Andrés, 2006. "En busca del oro ¿Qué determina el éxito en competencias deportivas internacionales?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(290), pages 241-263, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:73:y:2006:i:290:p:241-263
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v73i290.544
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    deportes; datos de panel;

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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