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El concepto de población en los modelos de crecimiento económico

Author

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  • Ramírez, José Carlos

    (División de Economía del Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas y del Centro de Estudios Demograficos y de Desarrollo Urbano de el Colegio de México)

  • Morelos, José B.

    (División de Economía del Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas y del Centro de Estudios Demograficos y de Desarrollo Urbano de el Colegio de México)

Abstract

This paper aims at analyzing the different ways in which Malthus’ population principle is considered by classical, aggregated demand and neoclasical models of economic growth. By doing so, we argue that those models give different meanings to the links between demographic and economic variables because they include the principle into their theoretical frameworks in different fashions. Malthus’ population principle is introduced by classical economists as a key explanatory variable of the decreasing returns law, while it is considered by aggregated demand and neoclassical models as an equilibrium factor and instrumental variable, respectively. The main conclusion is that the meaning of the principle has evolved in such a way in the economic growth theory, that the dual relation population-economic growth is now understood more in terms of quality (human capital), microeconomic equilibria (household levels) and overlapping generation scenarios, rather than in terms of quantity (growth rates), macroeconomic equilibria , and infinite-lived household settings.// El artículo analiza las diferentes maneras en que las teorías clásicas, de demanda agregada y neoclásica incorporan el principio de población de Malthus en sus modelos de crecimiento económico. El objetivo es mostrar que si la población es entendida de diversas maneras por los modelos, es sencillamente porque es diferente la forma en que éstos procesan el principio de Malthus. En concreto, el artículo señala que mientras para los clásicos el principio de Malthus es considerado esencial para darle fundamento a la ley de rendimientos decrecientes, en los modelos de demanda agregada y neoclásicos, el principio es introducido como factor de equilibrio y como variable instrumental, respectivamente. La conclusión principal es que el principio ha evolucionado de tal modo que ahora la relación entre la población y las variables de crecimiento económico es más inteligible es términos de calidad (capital humano) que de cantidad (tasas de crecimiento); de equilibrios macroeconómicos (la unidad familiar) que macroeconómicos, y de panoramas en los que las generaciones sobreponen sus decisiones de fecundidad que de aquellos en los que predominan las dinastías de vida infinita.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramírez, José Carlos & Morelos, José B., 2002. "El concepto de población en los modelos de crecimiento económico," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(274), pages 145-190, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:69:y:2002:i:274:p:145-190
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    Cited by:

    1. José Carlos Ramírez Sánchez, 2012. "Does Malthus's principle of population still have a practical purpose nowadays?," Working papers DTE 532, CIDE, División de Economía.

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