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Miscounting Money of Colonial America

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Author Info
Ronald W. Michener and Robert E. Wright ()
Abstract

Farley Grubb has developed an ambitious new money-stock time series for colonial Pennsylvania that uses the ingenious method of examining newspaper advertisements promising rewards (e.g., for help in catching runaway slaves) to estimate monies in circulation (Grubb 2004). Grubb asserts that promises of reward payments in “pounds” refer to bills of credit. We contest his interpretation, arguing that “pounds” denotes merely a unit of account. Similarly, ads promising “dollars” cannot be taken to refer to silver coins. Grubb mistakes the mention of a unit of account for the specification of a medium of exchange. We also show that Grubb’s methods are riddled with misinterpretations and inconsistencies, some of which arise from rather serious errors in basic scholarship. For example, Grubb denies that bills of credit readily passed current across the Middle Colonies, although it is a well-established fact. To concede it, however, would upset both his colony-level money supply estimates and his argument that the Constitutional ban on state-issued paper money had nothing to do with seigniorage. Grubb’s time series differs significantly from spot estimates of the money supply arrived at using methods that Grubb himself champions elsewhere, as well as estimates based on archival data.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by Atlas Economic Research Foundation in its journal Econ Journal Watch.

Volume (Year): 3 (2006)
Issue (Month): 2 (May)
Pages: 4-44
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Handle: RePEc:ejw:volone:20064-44

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Related research
Keywords: money supply; specie; paper money; bills of credit; Pennsylvania; Maryland; Delaware; New Jersey; New York; colonial American history;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
N11 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N21 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
N41 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, and Regulation - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
E59 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Other

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Ziliak, Stephen T. & McCloskey, Deirdre N., 2004. "Size matters: the standard error of regressions in the American Economic Review," The Journal of Socio-Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 527-546, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Smith, Bruce D, 1985. "Some Colonial Evidence on Two Theories of Money: Maryland and the Carolinas," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 93(6), pages 1178-1211, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. McCallum, Bennett T, 1992. "Money and Prices in Colonial America: A New Test of Competing Theories," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(1), pages 143-61, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Farley Grubb, 2003. "Creating the U.S. Dollar Currency Union, 1748–1811: A Quest for Monetary Stability or a Usurpation of State Sovereignty for Personal Gain?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(5), pages 1778-1798, December. [Downloadable!]
  5. Sumner, Scott, 1993. "Colonial Currency and the Quantity Theory of Money: A Critique of Smith's Interpretation," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(01), pages 139-145, March. [Downloadable!]
  6. Michener, Ronald, 1987. "Fixed exchange rates and the quantity theory in colonial America," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 233-307, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Farley Grubb, 2004. "The Constitutional Creation of a Common Currency in the U.S., 1748-1811: Monetary Stabilization versus Merchant Rent Seeking," Working Papers 04-07, University of Delaware, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  8. Farley Grubb, 2003. "Two Theories of Money Reconciled: The Colonial Puzzle Revisited with New Evidence," Working Papers 03-03, University of Delaware, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  9. Bruce D. Smith, 1985. "American Colonial Monetary Regimes: The Failure of the Quantity Theory and Some Evidence in Favour of an Alternative View," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 18(3), pages 531-65, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Bruce D. Smith, 1988. "The relationship between money and prices: some historical evidence reconsidered," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, issue Sum, pages 18-32. [Downloadable!]
  11. Michener, Ron, 1988. "Backing Theories and the Currencies of Eighteenth-Century America: A Comment," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(03), pages 682-692, September. [Downloadable!]
  12. Peter L. Rousseau, 2004. "A Common Currency: Early U.S. Monetary Policy and the Transition to the Dollar," NBER Working Papers 10702, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  13. Grubb, Farley, 2004. "The circulating medium of exchange in colonial Pennsylvania, 1729-1775: new estimates of monetary composition, performance, and economic growth," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 329-360, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Ronald W. Michener and Robert E. Wright, 2006. "Farley Grubb’s Noisy Evasions on Colonial Money: A Rejoinder," Econ Journal Watch, Atlas Economic Research Foundation, vol. 3(2), pages 251-274, May. [Downloadable!]
  2. Farley Grubb, 2006. "Theory, Evidence, and Belief—The Colonial Money Puzzle Revisited: Reply to Michener and Wright," Econ Journal Watch, Atlas Economic Research Foundation, vol. 3(2), pages 45-72, May. [Downloadable!]
  3. 2006433-451, 2006. "Benjamin Franklin and Colonial Money: A Reply to Michener and Wright—Yet Again," Econ Journal Watch, Atlas Economic Research Foundation, vol. 3(3), pages 484-510, September. [Downloadable!]
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