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Threatening to Increase Productivity: Evidence from Brazil's Oil Industry

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  • Bridgman, Benjamin
  • Gomes, Victor
  • Teixeira, Arilton

Abstract

Summary The wave of privatization in the 1980s and 1990s increased productivity of many previously state owned enterprises (SOEs). However, governments often do not have sufficient support to privatize SOEs. We provide evidence that threatening privatization and market competition (entry of new firms) can increase the productivity of SOEs, even though privatization and entry of new firms does not occur. We study productivity at Brazil's state-owned oil company Petrobras. Petrobras's total factor productivity increased sharply after it lost its legal monopoly, doubling in 6Â years. These large gains occurred despite the fact that Petrobras faced no immediate de facto competition. The threat of competition and privatization was sufficient to generate large productivity gains. These findings suggest that changing the competitive environment can be a powerful force for improving productivity at state-owned firms.

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  • Bridgman, Benjamin & Gomes, Victor & Teixeira, Arilton, 2011. "Threatening to Increase Productivity: Evidence from Brazil's Oil Industry," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(8), pages 1372-1385, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:39:y:2011:i:8:p:1372-1385
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    9. Li, Mingshan & Sun, Xiaohua & Wang, Yun & Song-Turner, Helen, 2019. "The impact of political connections on the efficiency of China's renewable energy firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 467-474.
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    12. Rafael Henrique Mainardes Ferreira & Claudia Tania Picinin, 2018. "Bibliometric analysis for characterization of oil production in Brazilian territory," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 116(3), pages 1945-1974, September.

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