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Public-transit frequency setting using minimum-cost approach with stochastic demand and travel time

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  • Hadas, Yuval
  • Shnaiderman, Matan

Abstract

Common practice in public-transit planning is to determine the frequency of service based on accumulated hourly passenger counts, average travel time, given vehicle capacity, and the standard of minimum frequency by time of day. With the increased usage of automatic vehicle location (AVL) and automatic passenger counting (APC) systems, it is possible to construct the statistical distributions of passenger demand and travel time by time of day. This can give rise to improve the accuracy of the frequencies determined. This study presents a new approach of frequency setting by enabling the use of stochastic properties of the collected data and its associated costs within a supply chain optimization model. An optimization framework is constructed based on two main cost elements: (a) empty-seat driven (unproductive cost) and (b) overload and un-served demand (increased user cost). The objective function is to minimize the total cost incurred with decision variables of either frequency or vehicle capacity (vehicle size). That is, from the operator perspective it is desirable to utilize efficiently the fleet of vehicles which is related to the decisions of the vehicle size. From the authority perspective, the concern is to provide an adequate level of service in terms of frequency. The study contains sensitivity analysis of the cost elements involved for economic evaluation.

Suggested Citation

  • Hadas, Yuval & Shnaiderman, Matan, 2012. "Public-transit frequency setting using minimum-cost approach with stochastic demand and travel time," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 46(8), pages 1068-1084.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:46:y:2012:i:8:p:1068-1084
    DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2012.02.010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Li, Changle & Ma, Jiao & Luan, Tom H. & Zhou, Xun & Xiong, Lei, 2018. "An incentive-based optimizing strategy of service frequency for an urban rail transit system," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 106-122.
    6. Dakic, Igor & Yang, Kaidi & Menendez, Monica & Chow, Joseph Y.J., 2021. "On the design of an optimal flexible bus dispatching system with modular bus units: Using the three-dimensional macroscopic fundamental diagram," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 38-59.
    7. Herbon, Avi & Hadas, Yuval, 2015. "Determining optimal frequency and vehicle capacity for public transit routes: A generalized newsvendor model," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 85-99.
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    10. Høyem, Harald & Odeck, James, 2020. "Optimal public transit frequency under stochastic demand and fixed vehicle size: Application in the Norwegian car ferry sector," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    11. Yuan Liu & Heshan Zhang & Tao Xu & Yaping Chen, 2022. "A Heuristic Algorithm Based on Travel Demand for Transit Network Design," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-17, September.
    12. Daraio, Cinzia & Diana, Marco & Di Costa, Flavia & Leporelli, Claudio & Matteucci, Giorgio & Nastasi, Alberto, 2016. "Efficiency and effectiveness in the urban public transport sector: A critical review with directions for future research," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 248(1), pages 1-20.
    13. Ibarra-Rojas, O.J. & Delgado, F. & Giesen, R. & Muñoz, J.C., 2015. "Planning, operation, and control of bus transport systems: A literature review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 38-75.
    14. An, Qinhe & Fu, Xiao & Huang, Di & Cheng, Qixiu & Liu, Zhiyuan, 2020. "Analysis of adding-runs strategy for peak-hour regular bus services," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    15. Wu, Weitiao & Li, Peng & Liu, Ronghui & Jin, Wenzhou & Yao, Baozhen & Xie, Yuanqi & Ma, Changxi, 2020. "Predicting peak load of bus routes with supply optimization and scaled Shepard interpolation: A newsvendor model," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    16. Gkiotsalitis, K. & Schmidt, M.E. & van der Hurk, E., 2021. "Subline frequency setting for autonomous minibusses under demand uncertainty," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2021-008-LIS, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    17. Weiya Chen & Xin Liu & Dingfang Chen & Xin Pan, 2019. "Setting Headways on a Bus Route under Uncertain Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-13, May.

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