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Travel reduction strategies: intentions and outcomes

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  • Marshall, Stephen
  • Banister, David

Abstract

Continuing growth in travel has led to concerns about the environment and sustainability, and hence the need to attempt to reduce travel, particularly by car. This paper considers the types of travel reduction strategy available, in terms of the implicit mechanisms of switching or substitution by which travel would be modified or reduced, and evaluates their potential impacts by means of four case studies in European cities. It is found that the various travel reduction strategies have had qualified success. The strategies to some extent achieve reduction in car travel, mainly through switching to other modes, although also through reduced travel distance. However, the scale of the reduction is relatively small and may be offset by new traffic generation. In addition, in some cases the objectives of the measures, although potentially having a travel reduction contribution, are not always aimed directly at travel reduction as such, and therefore may not be able to deliver the intended travel reduction. The paper concludes that the way forward would appear to lie in setting clear policy objectives and in assembling travel reduction measures into strategy packages, ensuring that when combined the measures are complementary towards the policy objectives of travel reduction.

Suggested Citation

  • Marshall, Stephen & Banister, David, 2000. "Travel reduction strategies: intentions and outcomes," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 321-338, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:34:y:2000:i:5:p:321-338
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    Cited by:

    1. Tal, Gil & Cohen-Blankshtain, Galit, 2011. "Understanding the role of the forecast-maker in overestimation forecasts of policy impacts: The case of Travel Demand Management policies," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 45(5), pages 389-400, June.
    2. Zhang, Dapeng & Magalhães, David José Ahouagi Vaz & Wang, Xiaokun (Cara), 2014. "Prioritizing bicycle paths in Belo Horizonte City, Brazil: Analysis based on user preferences and willingness considering individual heterogeneity," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 268-278.
    3. Thomas Vanoutrive & Ann Verhetsel, 2013. "Classifying transport studies using three dimensions of society: market structure, sustainability and decision making," Chapters, in: Thomas Vanoutrive & Ann Verhetsel (ed.), Smart Transport Networks, chapter 1, pages 1-8, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Marco Percoco, 2010. "Urban Transport Policies And The Environment: Evidence From Italy," Articles, International Journal of Transport Economics, vol. 37(2).
    5. Hamid Reza Eftekhari & Mehdi Ghatee, 2017. "The lower bound for dynamic parking prices to decrease congestion through CBD," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 761-787, October.
    6. Song, Yena & Preston, John & Ogilvie, David, 2017. "New walking and cycling infrastructure and modal shift in the UK: A quasi-experimental panel study," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 320-333.
    7. Goh, Hyewon & Choi, Gahyun & Song, Yena, 2023. "How the COVID-19 pandemic changed travel behaviour? A case study on public bikes in Seoul," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    8. Aguiléra, Anne & Wenglenski, Sandrine & Proulhac, Laurent, 2009. "Employment suburbanisation, reverse commuting and travel behaviour by residents of the central city in the Paris metropolitan area," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 43(7), pages 685-691, August.
    9. O'Fallon, Carolyn & Sullivan, Charles & Hensher, David A, 2004. "Constraints affecting mode choices by morning car commuters," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 17-29, January.
    10. Paula Vicente & Elizabeth Reis, 2016. "Profiling public transport users through perceptions about public transport providers and satisfaction with the public transport service," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 8(3), pages 387-403, December.
    11. Mario Cools & Elke Moons & Brecht Janssens & Geert Wets, 2009. "Shifting towards environment-friendly modes: profiling travelers using Q-methodology," Transportation, Springer, vol. 36(4), pages 437-453, July.
    12. Ari Tarigan & Stian Bayer & Christin Berg, 2011. "Suburbanisation of employment means less sustainable travel? - The effects of policy location on commuters' travel patterns in the Stavanger region, Norway," ERSA conference papers ersa10p1648, European Regional Science Association.
    13. Habibian, Meeghat & Kermanshah, Mohammad, 2013. "Coping with congestion: Understanding the role of simultaneous transportation demand management policies on commuters," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 229-237.
    14. Cools, Mario & Brijs, Kris & Tormans, Hans & De Laender, Jessie & Wets, Geert, 2012. "Optimizing the implementation of policy measures through social acceptance segmentation," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 80-87.
    15. Masanobu Kii & Varameth Vichiensan & Carlos Llorca & Ana Moreno & Rolf Moeckel & Yoshitsugu Hayashi, 2021. "Impact of Decentralization and Rail Network Extension on Future Traffic in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-24, November.
    16. Bastani, Parisa & Heywood, John B. & Hope, Chris, 2012. "The effect of uncertainty on US transport-related GHG emissions and fuel consumption out to 2050," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 46(3), pages 517-548.
    17. Cullinane, S., 2002. "The relationship between car ownership and public transport provision: a case study of Hong Kong," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 9(1), pages 29-39, January.
    18. Hrelja, Robert, 2019. "Cars. Problematisations, measures and blind spots in local transport and land use policy," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    19. Grzegorz Karoń & Robert Tomanek, 2023. "Effectiveness of Urban Mobility Decarbonization Instruments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-18, February.
    20. Chen, Dongxu & Sun, Yu & Yang, Zhongzhen, 2020. "Optimization of the travel ban scheme of cars based on the spatial distribution of the last digit of license plates," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 43-53.
    21. Christian Holz-Rau & Joachim Scheiner & Kathrin Sicks, 2014. "Travel Distances in Daily Travel and Long-Distance Travel: What Role is Played by Urban Form?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 46(2), pages 488-507, February.
    22. Tom Rye & Robert Hrelja, 2020. "Policies for Reducing Car Traffic and Their Problematisation. Lessons from the Mobility Strategies of British, Dutch, German and Swedish Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-26, October.
    23. Santos, Georgina & Behrendt, Hannah & Teytelboym, Alexander, 2010. "Part II: Policy instruments for sustainable road transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 46-91.

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