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Relation of female gender and low socioeconomic status to internalizing symptoms among adolescents: A case of double jeopardy?

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  • Mendelson, Tamar
  • Kubzansky, Laura D.
  • Datta, Geetanjali D.
  • Buka, Stephen L.

Abstract

Characteristics associated with disadvantaged social position, such as low socioeconomic status (SES) and female gender, may play a significant role in the development of internalizing symptoms among adolescents. Indeed, theories of "double jeopardy" suggest that these disadvantaged status characteristics interact to produce particularly harmful mental health outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that lower SES places adolescent females at greater risk for internalizing symptoms than males. We used data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods collected from a 15-year-old adolescent cohort (n = 640) at baseline and at two-year follow-up. Female gender predicted internalizing symptoms cross-sectionally and prospectively, whereas household income and caretaker education generally were not associated with internalizing symptoms. Findings overall did not indicate interactive effects between gender and SES indicators. However, subgroups of females at the lowest levels of caretaker education and household income displayed increased risk for specific outcomes, including higher internalizing symptom levels at follow-up and maintenance of severe symptom levels from baseline to follow-up.

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  • Mendelson, Tamar & Kubzansky, Laura D. & Datta, Geetanjali D. & Buka, Stephen L., 2008. "Relation of female gender and low socioeconomic status to internalizing symptoms among adolescents: A case of double jeopardy?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(6), pages 1284-1296, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:66:y:2008:i:6:p:1284-1296
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Goodman, E., 1999. "The role of socioeconomic status gradients in explaining differences in US adolescents' health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 89(10), pages 1522-1528.
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    2. Liu, Qianqian & Zhou, Nan & Cao, Hongjian & Hong, Xiumin, 2020. "Family socioeconomic status and Chinese young children’ social competence: Parenting processes as mediators and contextualizing factors as moderators," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    3. Livings, Michelle Sarah, 2021. "The gendered relationship between maternal depression and adolescent internalizing symptoms," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    4. Ji-Kang Chen & Zhiyou Wang & Hung Wong & Vera Mun-yu Tang, 2021. "Child Deprivation as a Mediator of the Relationships between Family Poverty, Bullying Victimization, and Psychological Distress," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 14(5), pages 2001-2019, October.
    5. Annis Lai-Chu Fung, 2021. "Sex Differences in the Relationships between Forms of Peer Victimization and Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Schoolchildren," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-13, May.
    6. Anna Rosiek & Aleksandra Rosiek-Kryszewska & Łukasz Leksowski & Krzysztof Leksowski, 2016. "Chronic Stress and Suicidal Thinking Among Medical Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-16, February.
    7. Michael J. McFarland, 2017. "Poverty and Problem Behaviors across the Early Life Course: The Role of Sensitive Period Exposure," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 36(5), pages 739-760, October.
    8. Reiss, Franziska, 2013. "Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 24-31.
    9. Rikuya Hosokawa & Toshiki Katsura, 2018. "Effect of socioeconomic status on behavioral problems from preschool to early elementary school – A Japanese longitudinal study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(5), pages 1-23, May.
    10. Sakurai, Keiko & Kawakami, Norito & Yamaoka, Kazue & Ishikawa, Hirono & Hashimoto, Hideki, 2010. "The impact of subjective and objective social status on psychological distress among men and women in Japan," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(11), pages 1832-1839, June.

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