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Do commodities make effective hedges for equity investors?

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  • Olson, Eric
  • Vivian, Andrew
  • Wohar, Mark E.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether commodities are effective hedges for equity holders. We employ three different methodologies to calculate time varying hedge ratios. First, we examine time-varying hedge ratios and how much portfolio risk can be reduced relative to a long position in the S&P 500. We calculate hedge ratios from realized variances and covariances; second, we estimate a recursive multivariate GARCH (BEKK) model and calculate the hedge ratios from the estimated covariances; and thirdly, we calculate the hedge ratios by estimating recursive OLS regressions. The results of our paper are very clear. First, commodities are not effective hedges for the S&P 500. Equity market investors and asset managers looking for a way to manage and reduce portfolio risk will be well advised to search for alternative hedges for the S&P 500 than commodities. Second, our results do not support the claim that commodities were a good hedge for the equity market during the financial crisis.

Suggested Citation

  • Olson, Eric & Vivian, Andrew & Wohar, Mark E., 2017. "Do commodities make effective hedges for equity investors?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1274-1288.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:riibaf:v:42:y:2017:i:c:p:1274-1288
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.064
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    9. Chen, Xiangyu & Tongurai, Jittima, 2021. "Cross-commodity hedging for illiquid futures: Evidence from China's base metal futures market," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    10. Nader Naifar, 2018. "Exploring the Dynamic Links between GCC Sukuk and Commodity Market Volatility," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-18, August.
    11. Jose, Nithin & Jose, Babu & Varghese, James, 2022. "Is cross-hedging an effective strategy in equity futures market?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Dynamic hedge ratios; Conditional correlation; Commodity market; Equity index; Risk management;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)

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