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Energy balance analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic system, including variable system reliability impact

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  • Kaldellis, J.K.
  • Koronakis, P.
  • Kavadias, K.

Abstract

Official statistics estimate that almost two billion people have no direct access to electrical networks, 500,000 of them living in European Union and more than one tenth of them in Greece. An autonomous photovoltaic system is one of the most interesting and environmental friendly technological solutions for the electrification of remote consumers or entire rural areas. The primary objective of this current study is to determine the optimum dimensions of an appropriate stand-alone photovoltaic system, able to guarantee the coverage of remote consumers energy demand located in typical Greek territories using long-term measurements, under the restriction of minimum initial cost. Accordingly, the impact of acceptable reliability level on the stand-alone photovoltaic system energy behaviour and initial cost is also examined. Finally, special emphasis is laid on the detailed energy balance analysis of selected stand-alone photovoltaic system configurations, on an hourly basis at least. According to the results obtained, a properly sized stand-alone photovoltaic system is a motivating prospect for the energy demand problems of numerous existing isolated consumers all around Greece.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaldellis, J.K. & Koronakis, P. & Kavadias, K., 2004. "Energy balance analysis of a stand-alone photovoltaic system, including variable system reliability impact," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(7), pages 1161-1180.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:29:y:2004:i:7:p:1161-1180
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2003.11.014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Notton, G. & Muselli, M. & Poggi, P., 1998. "Costing of a stand-alone photovoltaic system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 23(4), pages 289-308.
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    1. Kaldellis, John & Zafirakis, Dimitrios & Kavadias, Kosmas & Kondili, Emilia, 2012. "Optimum PV-diesel hybrid systems for remote consumers of the Greek territory," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 61-67.
    2. Georgilakis, Pavlos S. & Katsigiannis, Yiannis A., 2009. "Reliability and economic evaluation of small autonomous power systems containing only renewable energy sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 65-70.
    3. Kaldellis, J.K. & Zafirakis, D. & Kondili, E., 2010. "Energy pay-back period analysis of stand-alone photovoltaic systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1444-1454.
    4. Seme, Sebastijan & Sredenšek, Klemen & Praunseis, Zdravko & Štumberger, Bojan & Hadžiselimović, Miralem, 2018. "Optimal price of electricity of solar power plants and small hydro power plants – Technical and economical part of investments," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 87-95.
    5. Kaldellis, J.K. & Zafirakis, D. & Kondili, E., 2009. "Optimum autonomous stand-alone photovoltaic system design on the basis of energy pay-back analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 1187-1198.
    6. Zhou, P. & Jin, R.Y. & Fan, L.W., 2016. "Reliability and economic evaluation of power system with renewables: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 537-547.
    7. Kaldellis, John & Kavadias, Kosmas & Zafirakis, Dimitrios, 2012. "Experimental validation of the optimum photovoltaic panels' tilt angle for remote consumers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 179-191.
    8. Corrêa, Tomás Perpétuo & Seleme, Seleme Isaac & Silva, Selênio Rocha, 2012. "Efficiency optimization in stand-alone photovoltaic pumping system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 220-226.
    9. BoroumandJazi, G. & Saidur, R. & Rismanchi, B. & Mekhilef, S., 2012. "A review on the relation between the energy and exergy efficiency analysis and the technical characteristic of the renewable energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3131-3135.
    10. Olatomiwa, Lanre & Mekhilef, Saad & Huda, A.S.N. & Ohunakin, Olayinka S., 2015. "Economic evaluation of hybrid energy systems for rural electrification in six geo-political zones of Nigeria," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 435-446.
    11. Moharil, Ravindra M. & Kulkarni, Prakash S., 2009. "A case study of solar photovoltaic power system at Sagardeep Island, India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 673-681, April.
    12. Dalton, G.J. & Lockington, D.A. & Baldock, T.E., 2008. "Feasibility analysis of stand-alone renewable energy supply options for a large hotel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1475-1490.
    13. Dalton, G.J. & Lockington, D.A. & Baldock, T.E., 2009. "Feasibility analysis of renewable energy supply options for a grid-connected large hotel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 955-964.
    14. Kaldellis, J.K. & Ninou, I. & Zafirakis, D., 2011. "Minimum long-term cost solution for remote telecommunication stations on the basis of photovoltaic-based hybrid power systems," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 2512-2527, May.
    15. Kaldellis, J.K., 2010. "Optimum hybrid photovoltaic-based solution for remote telecommunication stations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(10), pages 2307-2315.
    16. Kaldellis, J.K. & Zafirakis, D., 2007. "Present situation and future prospects of electricity generation in Aegean Archipelago islands," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(9), pages 4623-4639, September.
    17. Kaldellis, J.K. & Zafirakis, D. & Kavadias, K., 2012. "Minimum cost solution of wind–photovoltaic based stand-alone power systems for remote consumers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 105-117.
    18. Kaldellis, J.K., 2008. "Critical evaluation of the hydropower applications in Greece," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 218-234, January.

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