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Continua of underemployment equilibria reflecting coordination failures, also at Walrasian prices

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  • Citanna, Alessandro
  • Cres, Herve
  • Dreze, Jacques
  • Herings, P. Jean-Jacques
  • Villanacci, Antonio

Abstract

In this paper, the existence of unemployment is partly explained as being the result of coordination failures. It is shown that as a result of self-fulfilling pessimistic expectations, even at Walrasian prices, a continuum of equilibria results, among which an equilibrium with approximately no trade and a Walrasian equilibrium. These coordination failures also arise at other price systems, but then unemployment is the result of both a wrong price system and coordination failures. Some properties of the set of equilibria are analyzed. Generically, there exists a continuum of non-indifferent equilibrium allocations. Under a condition implied by gross substitutability, there exists a continuum of equilibrium allocations in the neighborhood of a competitive allocation, when prices are Walrasian. For a specialized economy, a dynamic illustration is offered.
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  • Citanna, Alessandro & Cres, Herve & Dreze, Jacques & Herings, P. Jean-Jacques & Villanacci, Antonio, 2001. "Continua of underemployment equilibria reflecting coordination failures, also at Walrasian prices," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 169-200, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:mateco:v:36:y:2001:i:3:p:169-200
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    Cited by:

    1. Herings, P. Jean-Jacques & van der Laan, Gerard & Talman, Dolf, 2009. "Equilibria with coordination failures," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1-2), pages 23-37, January.
    2. P. Herings, 2014. "General equilibrium and the new neoclassical synthesis," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 57(3), pages 437-477, November.
    3. Herings, P. Jean-Jacques, 2018. "Equilibrium and matching under price controls," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 222-244.
    4. Hans Gersbach & Hans Haller, 2018. "Hierarchical Trade," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 56(2), pages 1165-1184, April.
    5. Kokonas, Nikolaos, 2016. "Nominal rigidities equilibria in a non-Ricardian economy," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 108-119.
    6. Herings, P. Jean-Jacques & Konovalov, Alexander, 2009. "Constrained suboptimality when prices are non-competitive," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1-2), pages 43-58, January.
    7. Jacques H. Drèze & P. Jean‐Jacques Herings, 2008. "Kinky perceived demand curves and Keynes–Negishi equilibria," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 4(2), pages 207-246, June.
    8. Drèze, Jacques H. & Herings, P. Jean-Jacques, 2008. "Sequentially complete markets remain incomplete," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 100(3), pages 445-447, September.
    9. DRÈZE, Jacques, 2001. "Indeterminateness of equilibria and macroeconomics," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2001058, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    10. Iwan Bos & Ronald Peeters & Erik Pot, 2017. "Competition versus collusion: The impact of consumer inertia," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 13(4), pages 387-400, December.

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    JEL classification:

    • C62 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
    • D51 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Exchange and Production Economies

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