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Bank capital pressures, loan substitutability, and nonfinancial employment

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  • Lee, Seung Jung
  • Stebunovs, Viktors

Abstract

We exploit the cross-state, cross-time variation in bank tangible capital ratios—brought about by bank branch deregulation on a state-by-state basis—to identify the effects of bank capital pressures on employment and firm dynamics during two waves of changes in bank capital regulation. We show that stronger capital pressures temporarily slowed down growth in employment in industries that depend on external finance, retarding growth in the average size of firms rather than in the number of firms. Such effects were particularly strong for smaller firms that may not have had access to national capital and bank loan markets. Our findings indicate that a tightening of capital requirements may have significant real effects, in part because of the lack of substitutes for bank loans.

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  • Lee, Seung Jung & Stebunovs, Viktors, 2016. "Bank capital pressures, loan substitutability, and nonfinancial employment," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 44-69.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jebusi:v:83:y:2016:i:c:p:44-69
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconbus.2015.11.002
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bank capital ratios; Bank capital regulation; Loan substitutability; Employment; Firm dynamics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

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