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Estimating GHG emissions of marine ports--the case of Barcelona

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  • Villalba, Gara
  • Gemechu, Eskinder Demisse

Abstract

In recent years, GHG inventories of cities have expanded to include extra-boundary activities that form part of the city's urban metabolism and economy. This paper centers on estimating the emissions due to seaports, in such a way that they can be included as part of the city's inventory or be used by the port itself to monitor their policy and technology improvements for mitigating climate change. We propose the indicators GHG emissions per ton of cargo handled or per passenger and emissions per value of cargo handled as practical measures for policy making and emission prevention measures to be monitored over time. Adapting existing methodologies to the Port of Barcelona, we calculated a total of 331,390 tons of GHG emissions (CO2 equivalents) for the year of 2008, half of which were attributed to vessel movement (sea-based emissions) and the other half to port, land related activities (land-based emissions). The highest polluters were auto carriers with 6Â kg of GHG emissions per ton of cargo handled. Knowing the highest emitters, the port can take action to improve the ship's activities within the port limits, such as maneuvering and hotelling. With these results, the port and the city can also find ways to reduce the land-based emissions.

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  • Villalba, Gara & Gemechu, Eskinder Demisse, 2011. "Estimating GHG emissions of marine ports--the case of Barcelona," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1363-1368, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:39:y:2011:i:3:p:1363-1368
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    1. Oecd, 2009. "Climate Change and Africa," OECD Journal: General Papers, OECD Publishing, vol. 2009(1), pages 5-35.
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    2. Heilig, Leonard & Lalla-Ruiz, Eduardo & Voß, Stefan, 2017. "Multi-objective inter-terminal truck routing," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 178-202.
    3. Antanasijević, Davor & Pocajt, Viktor & Ristić, Mirjana & Perić-Grujić, Aleksandra, 2015. "Modeling of energy consumption and related GHG (greenhouse gas) intensity and emissions in Europe using general regression neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 816-824.
    4. Tuba Bakıcı & Esteve Almirall & Jonathan Wareham, 2013. "A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 4(2), pages 135-148, June.
    5. Quintano, Claudio & Mazzocchi, Paolo & Rocca, Antonella, 2021. "Evaluation of the eco-efficiency of territorial districts with seaport economic activities," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
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    8. Yun Peng & Wenyuan Wang & Ke Liu & Xiangda Li & Qi Tian, 2018. "The Impact of the Allocation of Facilities on Reducing Carbon Emissions from a Green Container Terminal Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-19, May.
    9. Yun Peng & Xiangda Li & Wenyuan Wang & Ke Liu & Xiao Bing & Xiangqun Song, 2018. "A Method for Determining the Required Power Capacity of an On-Shore Power System Considering Uncertainties of Arriving Ships," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, November.
    10. Chang, Ching-Chih & Huang, Po-Chien & Tu, Jhih-Sheng, 2019. "Life cycle assessment of yard tractors using hydrogen fuel at the Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    11. Di Vaio, Assunta & Varriale, Luisa & Trujillo, Lourdes, 2019. "Management Control Systems in port waste management: Evidence from Italy," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 127-135.
    12. Assunta Di Vaio & Luisa Varriale, 2018. "Management Innovation for Environmental Sustainability in Seaports: Managerial Accounting Instruments and Training for Competitive Green Ports beyond the Regulations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-35, March.
    13. Tseng, Po-Hsing & Pilcher, Nick, 2019. "Evaluating the key factors of green port policies in Taiwan through quantitative and qualitative approaches," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 127-137.
    14. Hyangsook Lee & Dongjoo Park & Sangho Choo & Hoang T. Pham, 2020. "Estimation of the Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory from Ships in the Port of Incheon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-18, October.
    15. Rodrigo Saravia de los Reyes & Gonzalo Fernández-Sánchez & María Dolores Esteban & Raúl Rubén Rodríguez, 2020. "Carbon Footprint of a Port Infrastructure from a Life Cycle Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Gibbs, David & Rigot-Muller, Patrick & Mangan, John & Lalwani, Chandra, 2014. "The role of sea ports in end-to-end maritime transport chain emissions," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 337-348.
    17. Ying Huang & Liujingtai Pan & Yifei He & Zheqing Xie & Xiufang Zheng, 2022. "A BIM–WMS Management Tool for the Reverse Logistics Supply Chain of Demolition Waste," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-16, December.
    18. Zhang, Yan & Wu, Qiong & Fath, Brian D., 2018. "Review of spatial analysis of urban carbon metabolism," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 371(C), pages 18-24.
    19. Zheng, Shiyuan & Ge, Ying-En & Fu, Xiaowen & Nie, Yu (Marco) & Xie, Chi, 2017. "Modeling collusion-proof port emission regulation of cargo-handling activities under incomplete information," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 543-567.
    20. Iris, Çağatay & Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee, 2019. "A review of energy efficiency in ports: Operational strategies, technologies and energy management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 170-182.
    21. Theo Notteboom & Jasmine Siu Lee Lam, 2018. "The Greening of Terminal Concessions in Seaports," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-17, September.
    22. Frank Schiller & Alexandra Penn & Angela Druckman & Lauren Basson & Kate Royston, 2014. "Exploring Space, Exploiting Opportunities," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 18(6), pages 792-798, December.
    23. Martínez-Moya, Julián & Vazquez-Paja, Barbara & Gimenez Maldonado, Jose Andrés, 2019. "Energy efficiency and CO2 emissions of port container terminal equipment: Evidence from the Port of Valencia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 312-319.
    24. Rashid Khan, Haroon Ur & Siddique, Muhammad & Zaman, Khalid & Yousaf, Sheikh Usman & Shoukry, Alaa Mohamd & Gani, Showkat & Sasmoko, & Khan, Aqeel & Hishan, Sanil S. & Saleem, Hummera, 2018. "The impact of air transportation, railways transportation, and port container traffic on energy demand, customs duty, and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of low-, middle-, and high -income coun," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 18-35.

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