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Electricity market participation of wind farms: the success story of the Spanish pragmatism

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  • Rivier Abbad, Juan

Abstract

In the last 10 years, more than 15Â GW of wind power (Asociación Empresarial Eólica (Spanish Wind Energy Association), Nota de prensa (Press release) 17 de enero de 2008. http://www.aeeolica.org/doc/NP_080117_Espana_supera_los_15000_MW_eolicos.pdf) have been installed in Spain, of which more than 3.5Â GW in 2007. Furthermore, plans are to reach 20Â GW by 2010 and there are expectations of an installed capacity exceeding 40Â GW by 2020. This article will present the innovative solutions for technical and economical integration that allow to reach such high level wind penetration objectives (the system peaks at around 44Â GW and is almost isolated). It will be described how the regulation has evolved from a pure Feed-in-Tariff to a market+premium option, where technical and economic integration has been a priority. Today, approximately 97% of installed wind capacity accesses the Spanish wholesale electricity market. Market integration has been crucial, sending the correct signals to participants to look for the optimum technical solutions. Technical improvements have come from both wind power producers (fault-ride-through capabilities, visibility and controllability of wind power, power production forecasting, reactive power control) and the system operator (specific control centre dedicated to Renewable Energy Sources (RES), new security analysis tools, gaining technical confidence of wind capabilities).

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  • Rivier Abbad, Juan, 2010. "Electricity market participation of wind farms: the success story of the Spanish pragmatism," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(7), pages 3174-3179, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:38:y:2010:i:7:p:3174-3179
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    14. Woo, C.K. & Zarnikau, J. & Moore, J. & Horowitz, I., 2011. "Wind generation and zonal-market price divergence: Evidence from Texas," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(7), pages 3928-3938, July.
    15. de la Hoz, Jordi & Boix, Oriol & Martín, Helena & Martins, Blanca & Graells, Moisès, 2010. "Promotion of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in Spain: Performance analysis of the period 1998-2008," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 2547-2563, December.
    16. Ricardo Bessa & Carlos Moreira & Bernardo Silva & Manuel Matos, 2014. "Handling renewable energy variability and uncertainty in power systems operation," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 3(2), pages 156-178, March.
    17. Andrés Ruiz & Florin Onea & Eugen Rusu, 2020. "Study Concerning the Expected Dynamics of the Wind Energy Resources in the Iberian Nearshore," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-25, September.
    18. Wu, Zhongqun & Sun, Hongxia & Du, Yihang, 2014. "A large amount of idle capacity under rapid expansion: Policy analysis on the dilemma of wind power utilization in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 271-277.
    19. González-Aparicio, I. & Zucker, A., 2015. "Impact of wind power uncertainty forecasting on the market integration of wind energy in Spain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 334-349.
    20. Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Campíñez-Romero, Severo & Pérez-Molina, Clara & Mur-Pérez, Francisco, 2015. "Repowering: An actual possibility for wind energy in Spain in a new scenario without feed-in-tariffs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 319-337.
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