IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ejores/v197y2009i1p134-148.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Option and forward contracting with asymmetric information: Valuation issues in supply chains

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Hantao
  • Ritchken, Peter
  • Wang, Yunzeng

Abstract

We investigate the role of forward commitments and option contracts between a seller (supplier) and a buyer (retailer) in the presence of asymmetric information. In our case, both parties face price and demand uncertainty but the retailer, being closer to the market, has additional information about the true demand and price. The supplier, aware of this asymmetry, and acting as a Stackelberg leader, designs a contracting arrangement that best meet his interest. We contrast the role of forward and option contracts in this environment and identify cases where combinations of the two are dominant. Finally, we investigate how alternative contracting arrangements alter the expected value of obtaining information that eliminates asymmetric information.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Hantao & Ritchken, Peter & Wang, Yunzeng, 2009. "Option and forward contracting with asymmetric information: Valuation issues in supply chains," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 197(1), pages 134-148, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:197:y:2009:i:1:p:134-148
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377-2217(08)00477-3
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gérard P. Cachon & Martin A. Lariviere, 2001. "Contracting to Assure Supply: How to Share Demand Forecasts in a Supply Chain," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 47(5), pages 629-646, May.
    2. Gary D. Eppen & Ananth. V. Iyer, 1997. "Backup Agreements in Fashion Buying---The Value of Upstream Flexibility," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 43(11), pages 1469-1484, November.
    3. Baron, David P & Myerson, Roger B, 1982. "Regulating a Monopolist with Unknown Costs," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(4), pages 911-930, July.
    4. Terry A. Taylor, 2006. "Sale Timing in a Supply Chain: When to Sell to the Retailer," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 8(1), pages 23-42, November.
    5. Özalp Özer & Wei Wei, 2006. "Strategic Commitments for an Optimal Capacity Decision Under Asymmetric Forecast Information," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 52(8), pages 1238-1257, August.
    6. Charles J. Corbett & Deming Zhou & Christopher S. Tang, 2004. "Designing Supply Contracts: Contract Type and Information Asymmetry," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(4), pages 550-559, April.
    7. A. A. Tsay & W. S. Lovejoy, 1999. "Quantity Flexibility Contracts and Supply Chain Performance," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 1(2), pages 89-111.
    8. Apostolos Burnetas & Peter Ritchken, 2005. "Option Pricing with Downward-Sloping Demand Curves: The Case of Supply Chain Options," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 51(4), pages 566-580, April.
    9. Hamilton Emmons & Stephen M. Gilbert, 1998. "Note. The Role of Returns Policies in Pricing and Inventory Decisions for Catalogue Goods," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 44(2), pages 276-283, February.
    10. Dawn Barnes-Schuster & Yehuda Bassok & Ravi Anupindi, 2002. "Coordination and Flexibility in Supply Contracts with Options," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 4(3), pages 171-207, May.
    11. Barry Alan Pasternack, 1985. "Optimal Pricing and Return Policies for Perishable Commodities," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 4(2), pages 166-176.
    12. Yue, Xiaohang & Raghunathan, Srinivasan, 2007. "The impacts of the full returns policy on a supply chain with information asymmetry," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 180(2), pages 630-647, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Jen-Yi & Dada, Maqbool & Hu, Qiaohai (Joice), 2017. "Flexible procurement contracts for competing retailers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 259(1), pages 130-142.
    2. Janne Kettunen & Eissa Nematollahi & Yuriy Zinchenko, 2022. "Why do Energy Markets in Europe Rely on One Instrument?," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(4), pages 1473-1491, April.
    3. Zhang, Shichen & Zhang, Jianxiong, 2018. "Contract preference with stochastic cost learning in a two-period supply chain under asymmetric information," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 226-247.
    4. Xin Yun & Hao Liu & Yi Li & Kin Keung Lai, 2023. "Contract design under asymmetric demand information for sustainable supply chain practices," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 324(1), pages 1429-1459, May.
    5. Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo & Sana, Shib Sankar, 2014. "A production-inventory model for a two-echelon supply chain when demand is dependent on sales teams׳ initiatives," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 249-258.
    6. Egri, Péter & Váncza, József, 2012. "Channel coordination with the newsvendor model using asymmetric information," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(1), pages 491-499.
    7. Matsui, Kenji, 2019. "A supply chain member should set its margin later if another member's cost is highly uncertain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 275(1), pages 127-138.
    8. Wu, Desheng, 2013. "Coordination of competing supply chains with news-vendor and buyback contract," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(1), pages 1-13.
    9. Mingzhu Yu & Ruina Yang & Zelong Yi & Xuwen Cong, 2020. "Contracting in Ocean Shipping Market Under Asymmetric Information," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 37(02), pages 1-24, March.
    10. Yang, Ruina & Yu, Mingzhu & Lee, Chung-Yee & Du, Yuquan, 2021. "Contracting in ocean transportation with empty container repositioning under asymmetric information," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    11. Hua, Shengya & Liu, Jingchen & Cheng, T.C.E. & Zhai, Xin, 2019. "Financing and ordering strategies for a supply chain under the option contract," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 100-121.
    12. Babich, Volodymyr & Li, Hantao & Ritchken, Peter & Wang, Yunzeng, 2012. "Contracting with asymmetric demand information in supply chains," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 217(2), pages 333-341.
    13. İsmail Bakal & Nesim Erkip & Refik Güllü, 2011. "Value of supplier’s capacity information in a two-echelon supply chain," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 191(1), pages 115-135, November.
    14. Kebing Chen & Renxing Xu & Hanwei Fang, 2016. "Information Disclosure Model Under Supply Chain Competition with Asymmetric Demand Disruption," Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 33(06), pages 1-35, December.
    15. Li, Ying & Gupta, Sudheer, 2011. "Strategic capability investments and competition for supply contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 214(2), pages 273-283, October.
    16. Liu, Zhongyi & Hua, Shengya & Zhai, Xin, 2020. "Supply chain coordination with risk-averse retailer and option contract: Supplier-led vs. Retailer-led," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    17. Fattahi, Mohammad, 2021. "Resilient procurement planning for supply chains: A case study for sourcing a critical mineral material," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    18. Sana, Shib Sankar, 2013. "Optimal contract strategies for two stage supply chain," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 253-260.
    19. Li, Li & Zhang, Rachel Q., 2015. "Cooperation through capacity sharing between competing forwarders," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 115-131.
    20. Vafa Arani, Hamed & Rabbani, Masoud & Rafiei, Hamed, 2016. "A revenue-sharing option contract toward coordination of supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 42-56.
    21. LI, Li, 2019. "Cooperative purchasing and preactive inventory sharing – Channel balancing and performance improvement," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 278(3), pages 738-751.
    22. Heese, H. Sebastian & Kemahlıoğlu-Ziya, Eda, 2016. "Don't ask, don't tell: Sharing revenues with a dishonest retailer," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 248(2), pages 580-592.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhao, Yingxue & Ma, Lijun & Xie, Gang & Cheng, T.C.E., 2013. "Coordination of supply chains with bidirectional option contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 229(2), pages 375-381.
    2. Wang, Qunzhi & Tsao, De-bi, 2006. "Supply contract with bidirectional options: The buyer's perspective," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(1), pages 30-52, May.
    3. Biswas, Indranil & Avittathur, Balram, 2019. "Channel coordination using options contract under simultaneous price and inventory competition," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 45-60.
    4. Erica L. Plambeck & Terry A. Taylor, 2007. "Implications of Renegotiation for Optimal Contract Flexibility and Investment," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(12), pages 1872-1886, December.
    5. Z. Justin Ren & Morris A. Cohen & Teck H. Ho & Christian Terwiesch, 2010. "Information Sharing in a Long-Term Supply Chain Relationship: The Role of Customer Review Strategy," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 58(1), pages 81-93, February.
    6. Ding, Ding & Chen, Jian, 2008. "Coordinating a three level supply chain with flexible return policies," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 865-876, October.
    7. Mathur, Puneet Prakash & Shah, Janat, 2008. "Supply chain contracts with capacity investment decision: Two-way penalties for coordination," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(1), pages 56-70, July.
    8. Leng, Mingming & Zhu, An, 2009. "Side-payment contracts in two-person nonzero-sum supply chain games: Review, discussion and applications," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 196(2), pages 600-618, July.
    9. Shen, Yuelin & Willems, Sean P., 2012. "Coordinating a channel with asymmetric cost information and the manufacturer's optimality," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(1), pages 125-135.
    10. Li, Ying & Gupta, Sudheer, 2011. "Strategic capability investments and competition for supply contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 214(2), pages 273-283, October.
    11. Onur Kaya & Serra Caner, 2018. "Supply chain contracts for capacity decisions under symmetric and asymmetric information," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 26(1), pages 67-92, March.
    12. Julia Miyaoka & Warren H. Hausman, 2008. "How Improved Forecasts Can Degrade Decentralized Supply Chains," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 10(3), pages 547-562, July.
    13. Feng, Yi & Mu, Yinping & Hu, Benyong & Kumar, Arun, 2014. "Commodity options purchasing and credit financing under capital constraint," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 230-237.
    14. Harish Krishnan & Roman Kapuscinski & David A. Butz, 2004. "Coordinating Contracts for Decentralized Supply Chains with Retailer Promotional Effort," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(1), pages 48-63, January.
    15. Bellantuono, Nicola & Giannoccaro, Ilaria & Pontrandolfo, Pierpaolo & Tang, Christopher S., 2009. "The implications of joint adoption of revenue sharing and advance booking discount programs," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(2), pages 383-394, October.
    16. Liu, Heng & Özer, Özalp, 2010. "Channel incentives in sharing new product demand information and robust contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 207(3), pages 1341-1349, December.
    17. Andy A. Tsay, 1999. "The Quantity Flexibility Contract and Supplier-Customer Incentives," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 45(10), pages 1339-1358, October.
    18. Hu, Fei & Lim, Cheng-Chew & Lu, Zudi, 2014. "Optimal production and procurement decisions in a supply chain with an option contract and partial backordering under uncertainties," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 232(C), pages 1225-1234.
    19. Guoming Lai & Wenqiang Xiao & Jun Yang, 2012. "Supply Chain Performance Under Market Valuation: An Operational Approach to Restore Efficiency," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(10), pages 1933-1951, October.
    20. Zhao, Yingxue & Yang, Liu & Cheng, T.C.E. & Ma, Lijun & Shao, Xinjian, 2013. "A value-based approach to option pricing: The case of supply chain options," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(1), pages 171-177.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Supply chain management Gaming;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:197:y:2009:i:1:p:134-148. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eor .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.