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Covariance measurement in the presence of non-synchronous trading and market microstructure noise

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  • Griffin, Jim E.
  • Oomen, Roel C.A.

Abstract

This paper studies the problem of covariance estimation when prices are observed non-synchronously and contaminated by i.i.d. microstructure noise. We derive closed form expressions for the bias and variance of three popular covariance estimators, namely realised covariance, realised covariance plus lead and lag adjustments, and the Hayashi and Yoshida estimator, and present a comprehensive investigation into their properties and relative efficiency. Our main finding is that the ordering of the covariance estimators in terms of efficiency crucially depends on the level of microstructure noise, as well as the level of correlation. In fact, for sufficiently high levels of noise, the standard realised covariance estimator (without any corrections for non-synchronous trading) can be most efficient. We also propose a sparse sampling implementation of the Hayashi and Yoshida estimator, study the robustness of our findings using simulations with stochastic volatility and correlation, and highlight some important practical considerations.

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Bibliographic Info

Article provided by Elsevier in its journal Journal of Econometrics.

Volume (Year): 160 (2011)
Issue (Month): 1 (January)
Pages: 58-68

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Handle: RePEc:eee:econom:v:160:y:2011:i:1:p:58-68

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Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jeconom

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  2. Jacod, Jean & Li, Yingying & Mykland, Per A. & Podolskij, Mark & Vetter, Mathias, 2007. "Microstructure noise in the continuous case: the pre-averaging approach," Technical Reports 2007,41, Technische Universität Dortmund, Sonderforschungsbereich 475: Komplexitätsreduktion in multivariaten Datenstrukturen.
  3. Neil Shephard & Ole E. Barndorff-Nielsen & Peter Reinhard Hansen, 2008. "Multivariate realised kernels: consistent positive semi-definite estimators of the covariation of equity prices with noise and non-synchronous trading," Economics Series Working Papers 397, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
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  17. Valeri Voev & Asger Lunde, 2007. "Integrated Covariance Estimation using High-frequency Data in the Presence of Noise," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Society for Financial Econometrics, vol. 5(1), pages 68-104.
  18. Nikolaus Hautsch & Lada M. Kyj & Roel C.A. Oomen, 2009. "A blocking and regularization approach to high dimensional realized covariance estimation," SFB 649 Discussion Papers SFB649DP2009-049, Sonderforschungsbereich 649, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
  19. Bollerslev, Tim & Zhang, Benjamin Y. B., 2003. "Measuring and modeling systematic risk in factor pricing models using high-frequency data," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 533-558, December.
  20. Dimson, Elroy, 1979. "Risk measurement when shares are subject to infrequent trading," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 197-226, June.
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