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Spatial correlation between homicide rates and inequality: Evidence from urban neighborhoods

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  • Menezes, Tatiane
  • Silveira-Neto, Raul
  • Monteiro, Circe
  • Ratton, José Luiz

Abstract

Working with a unique neighborhood homicide dataset from 2008 to 2010, this paper makes two contributions. First, we capture the importance of the spatial dependence on homicide rates within large urban center neighborhoods. Second, we measure the influence of spatial dependence more precisely by calculating the total, direct, and indirect effects of neighborhood characteristics on homicides. The results show that areas with low homicides rates are surrounded by neighborhoods with high murder rates, and that, despite the significant positive effect of inequality on criminality, this influence is mitigated by the nature of the spatial dependence of criminality among the neighbors.

Suggested Citation

  • Menezes, Tatiane & Silveira-Neto, Raul & Monteiro, Circe & Ratton, José Luiz, 2013. "Spatial correlation between homicide rates and inequality: Evidence from urban neighborhoods," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 120(1), pages 97-99.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolet:v:120:y:2013:i:1:p:97-99
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2013.03.040
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    1. Scorzafave, Luiz Guilherme & Soares, Milena Karla, 2009. "Income inequality and pecuniary crimes," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 104(1), pages 40-42, July.
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    3. Brush, Jesse, 2007. "Does income inequality lead to more crime? A comparison of cross-sectional and time-series analyses of United States counties," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 264-268, August.
    4. Choe, Jongmook, 2008. "Income inequality and crime in the United States," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 101(1), pages 31-33, October.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Pablo Ponce & José Álvarez-García & Mary Cumbicus & María de la Cruz del Río-Rama, 2021. "Spatial Externalities of Income Inequality on Security in Latin America," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Catalina Gómez Toro & Hermilson Velásquez & Joaquín Andrés Urrego & Juan David Valderrama, 2014. "Efecto de los Ingresos Permanentes sobre el Delito: Un Enfoque Espacial y un Caso de Aplicación," Documentos de Trabajo CIEF 10900, Universidad EAFIT.
    4. Mota, Caroline Maria de Miranda & Figueiredo, Ciro José Jardim de & Pereira, Débora Viana e Sousa, 2021. "Identifying areas vulnerable to homicide using multiple criteria analysis and spatial analysis," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    5. Thyago Celso C. Nepomuceno & Ana Paula Cabral Seixas Costa, 2019. "Spatial visualization on patterns of disaggregate robberies," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 857-886, December.
    6. Lin, Xu & Zhang, Jihu & Jiang, Shanhe, 2022. "Spatial and temporal correlations of crime in Detroit: Evidence from spatial dynamic panel data models," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    7. Haddad, Eduardo & Mena-Chalco, Jesús & Sidone, Otávio, 2015. "Scholarly Collaboration in Regional Science in Developing Countries: The Case of the Brazilian REAL Network," TD NEREUS 4-2015, Núcleo de Economia Regional e Urbana da Universidade de São Paulo (NEREUS).
    8. Muhammad Khalid Anser & Zahid Yousaf & Abdelmohsen A. Nassani & Saad M. Alotaibi & Ahmad Kabbani & Khalid Zaman, 2020. "Dynamic linkages between poverty, inequality, crime, and social expenditures in a panel of 16 countries: two-step GMM estimates," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 9(1), pages 1-25, December.
    9. Magaly Faride Herrera Giraldo & Carlos Giovanni González Espitia, 2022. "Understanding the Spatial Relationship Between the Informal Labor Market and Violent Crime in Cali, Colombia," Icesi Economics Working Papers 20344, Universidad Icesi.
    10. Rogério Pereira & Tatiane Almeida de Menezes, 2021. "Does per capita income cause homicide rates? An application of an IV spatial model," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(4), pages 1388-1400, August.
    11. Eduardo A. Haddad & Jesús P. Mena-Chalco & Otávio J. G. Sidone, 2017. "Scholarly Collaboration in Regional Science in Developing Countries," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 40(5), pages 500-529, September.
    12. Thyago C. C. Nepomuceno & Cinzia Daraio & Ana Paula C. S. Costa, 2021. "Multicriteria Ranking for the Efficient and Effective Assessment of Police Departments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, April.
    13. Paul Elhorst & Diego Firmino Costa da Silva & Raul da Mota Silveira Neto, 2015. "A Spatial Economic Model and Spatial Econometric Analysis of Population Dynamics in Brazilian MCAs," ERSA conference papers ersa15p83, European Regional Science Association.
    14. Magaly Faride Herrera Giraldo & Carlos Giovanni González Espitia & Héctor Ochoa Díaz, 2023. "The spatial and economic relationship between labour informality and homicides in Cali, Colombia," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 41(5), September.
    15. Luís Carazza & Raul da Mota Silveira Neto & Lucas Emanuel, 2021. "Juvenile curfew and crime reduction: Evidence from Brazil," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(2), pages 561-579, April.
    16. Klebson Moura & Raul Silveira Neto, 2016. "Individual and contextual determinants of victimisation in Brazilian urban centres: A multilevel approach," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(8), pages 1559-1573, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Criminality; Inequality; Homicides; Neighborhoods; Brazil;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D6 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics
    • K4 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
    • R1 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics

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