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Multilevel evaluation of factors predicting school exclusion among middle and high school students

Author

Listed:
  • Theriot, Matthew T.
  • Craun, Sarah W.
  • Dupper, David R.

Abstract

School exclusion (out-of-school suspension and expulsion) is the most common and serious discipline response to student misbehavior. While most existing studies have considered student and school level risk factors for exclusion separately, multilevel analysis that evaluates student and school level variables together is needed since students are nested within their schools. This article addresses this need by using multilevel modeling to predict the likelihood of school exclusion following the last infraction of the year for 9706 middle and high school students in one school district. Multilevel modeling shows that students' poverty, previous suspensions, and severity of the last infraction predict exclusion while the schools' duplicated suspension rate predicts exclusion at the school level. These results highlight the need for comprehensive interventions that seek to change student behavior as well as the school environment. The role of school administrators, faculty and staff in developing and implementing these interventions and other implications for school personnel are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Theriot, Matthew T. & Craun, Sarah W. & Dupper, David R., 2010. "Multilevel evaluation of factors predicting school exclusion among middle and high school students," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 13-19, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:32:y:2010:i:1:p:13-19
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Huang, Francis L. & Cornell, Dewey, 2018. "The relationship of school climate with out-of-school suspensions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 378-389.
    2. Jabbari, Jason & Johnson, Odis, 2020. "Veering off track in U.S. high schools? Redirecting student trajectories by disrupting punishment and math course-taking tracks," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    3. Cruz, Rebecca A. & Rodl, Janelle E., 2018. "Crime and punishment: An examination of school context and student characteristics that predict out-of-school suspension," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 226-234.
    4. Huang, Francis L. & Cornell, Dewey G., 2017. "Student attitudes and behaviors as explanations for the Black-White suspension gap," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 298-308.
    5. Welsh, Richard O. & Little, Shafiqua, 2018. "Caste and control in schools: A systematic review of the pathways, rates and correlates of exclusion due to school discipline," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 315-339.
    6. Thomas, Casey L. & Price, Olga Acosta & Phillippi, Stephen & Wennerstrom, Ashley, 2020. "School-based health centers, academic achievement, and school discipline: A systematic review of the literature," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    7. Kalu, Sandra R. & Menon, Sujeeta E. & Quinn, Camille R., 2020. "The relationship between externalizing behavior and school and familial attachments among girls from diverse backgrounds," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    8. Sara Valdebenito & Hannah Gaffney & Darrick Jolliffe, 2023. "PROTOCOL: School‐based interventions for reducing disciplinary school exclusion: An updated systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 19(3), September.
    9. Jenkins, Melissa R. & Ansong, David & Banks, Andrae & Dangleben, Tiffany D., 2022. "Regional trends and the role of school support staff in suspensions of students with disabilities," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    10. Anyon, Yolanda & Jenson, Jeffrey M. & Altschul, Inna & Farrar, Jordan & McQueen, Jeanette & Greer, Eldridge & Downing, Barbara & Simmons, John, 2014. "The persistent effect of race and the promise of alternatives to suspension in school discipline outcomes," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 379-386.
    11. Hemphill, Sheryl A. & Plenty, Stephanie M. & Herrenkohl, Todd I. & Toumbourou, John W. & Catalano, Richard F., 2014. "Student and school factors associated with school suspension: A multilevel analysis of students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 187-194.
    12. Mizel, Matthew L. & Miles, Jeremy N.V. & Pedersen, Eric R. & Tucker, Joan S. & Ewing, Brett A. & D'Amico, Elizabeth J., 2016. "To educate or to incarcerate: Factors in disproportionality in school discipline," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 102-111.
    13. Steve Agnew & Tom Coupé & Cassia-Rose Hingston, 2022. "Predictors of School Exclusion as a Disciplinary Measure in New Zealand: A Maori, Pacific Peoples and Pakeha Comparison," Working Papers in Economics 22/14, University of Canterbury, Department of Economics and Finance.
    14. Haight, Wendy & Gibson, Priscilla A. & Kayama, Misa & Marshall, Jane M. & Wilson, Robert, 2014. "An ecological-systems inquiry into racial disproportionalities in out-of-school suspensions from youth, caregiver and educator perspectives," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 128-138.
    15. Yang, Mi-Youn & Harmeyer, Erin & Chen, Zibei & Lofaso, Blaine Masinter, 2018. "Predictors of early elementary school suspension by gender: A longitudinal multilevel analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 331-338.

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