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Thermal performance of packed bed thermal energy storage units using multiple granular phase change composites

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  • Rady, Mohamed

Abstract

The present article reports on the utilization of multiple granular phase change composites (GPCC) with different ranges of phase change temperatures in a packed bed thermal energy storage system. Small particle diameter of GPCC allows simple mixing of two or three ranges of GPCCs in a packed bed for enhancement of storage unit performance. Experiments have been carried out to characterize the phase changing characteristics of two GPCCs chosen for this purpose. Packed bed column experiments have been carried out to provide basic understanding of the heat transfer process in the composite bed consisting of a mixture of GPCCs at different values of mixing ratio. A mathematical model has been developed for the analysis of charging and discharging process dynamics. Once validated, the model has been used to perform a parametric study to investigate the overall bed performance at different values of mixing ratio and Reynolds number. An optimization of the value of mixing ratio has been obtained based on the overall charging and discharging times as well as the exergy efficiency. It has been demonstrated that, as compared to the use of single GPCC, careful choice of the mixing ratio of GPCCs in a composite bed can result in a significant enhancement of the overall storage unit performance. As compared to the use of multiple sequential layers of GPCCs, using units composed of a mixture of GPCCs with an optimized mixing ratio results in a remarkable improvement of the unit performance without limitations on the charging and discharging directions during practical applications.

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  • Rady, Mohamed, 2009. "Thermal performance of packed bed thermal energy storage units using multiple granular phase change composites," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(12), pages 2704-2720, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:86:y:2009:i:12:p:2704-2720
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    1. Rady, M.A. & Huzayyin, A.S. & Arquis, E. & Monneyron, P. & Lebot, C. & Palomo, E., 2009. "Study of heat and mass transfer in a dehumidifying desiccant bed with macro-encapsulated phase change materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 718-726.
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    2. Archibold, Antonio Ramos & Gonzalez-Aguilar, José & Rahman, Muhammad M. & Yogi Goswami, D. & Romero, Manuel & Stefanakos, Elias K., 2014. "The melting process of storage materials with relatively high phase change temperatures in partially filled spherical shells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 243-252.
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    4. Wi, Seunghwan & Jeong, Su-Gwang & Chang, Seong Jin & Lee, Jongki & Kim, Sumin, 2017. "Evaluation of energy efficient hybrid hollow plaster panel using phase change material/xGnP composites," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1548-1559.
    5. Liu, Zhenyu & Yao, Yuanpeng & Wu, Huiying, 2013. "Numerical modeling for solid–liquid phase change phenomena in porous media: Shell-and-tube type latent heat thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1222-1232.
    6. Elfeky, K.E. & Mohammed, A.G. & Ahmed, N. & Lu, Lin & Wang, Qiuwang, 2020. "Thermal and economic evaluation of phase change material volume fraction for thermocline tank used in concentrating solar power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
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    8. Arce, Pablo & Medrano, Marc & Gil, Antoni & Oró, Eduard & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2011. "Overview of thermal energy storage (TES) potential energy savings and climate change mitigation in Spain and Europe," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(8), pages 2764-2774, August.
    9. Wang, Peilun & Wang, Xiang & Huang, Yun & Li, Chuan & Peng, Zhijian & Ding, Yulong, 2015. "Thermal energy charging behaviour of a heat exchange device with a zigzag plate configuration containing multi-phase-change-materials (m-PCMs)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 328-336.
    10. Elfeky, K.E. & Li, Xinyi & Ahmed, N. & Lu, Lin & Wang, Qiuwang, 2019. "Optimization of thermal performance in thermocline tank thermal energy storage system with the multilayered PCM(s) for CSP tower plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 175-190.
    11. Borreguero, Ana M. & Luz Sánchez, M. & Valverde, José Luis & Carmona, Manuel & Rodríguez, Juan F., 2011. "Thermal testing and numerical simulation of gypsum wallboards incorporated with different PCMs content," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(3), pages 930-937, March.
    12. Joulin, Annabelle & Younsi, Zohir & Zalewski, Laurent & Lassue, Stéphane & Rousse, Daniel R. & Cavrot, Jean-Paul, 2011. "Experimental and numerical investigation of a phase change material: Thermal-energy storage and release," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(7), pages 2454-2462, July.
    13. Ferrari, Mario L. & Pascenti, Matteo & Sorce, Alessandro & Traverso, Alberto & Massardo, Aristide F., 2014. "Real-time tool for management of smart polygeneration grids including thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 670-678.
    14. de Gracia, Alvaro & Cabeza, Luisa F., 2017. "Numerical simulation of a PCM packed bed system: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1055-1063.
    15. Xu, H.J. & Zhao, C.Y., 2015. "Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of cascaded latent heat storage system for energy efficient utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1662-1673.
    16. Cai, Yibing & Ke, Huizhen & Dong, Ju & Wei, Qufu & Lin, Jiulong & Zhao, Yong & Song, Lei & Hu, Yuan & Huang, Fenglin & Gao, Weidong & Fong, Hao, 2011. "Effects of nano-SiO2 on morphology, thermal energy storage, thermal stability, and combustion properties of electrospun lauric acid/PET ultrafine composite fibers as form-stable phase change materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(6), pages 2106-2112, June.
    17. Zanganeh, G. & Pedretti, A. & Haselbacher, A. & Steinfeld, A., 2015. "Design of packed bed thermal energy storage systems for high-temperature industrial process heat," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 812-822.
    18. Xie, Baoshan & Baudin, Nicolas & Soto, Jérôme & Fan, Yilin & Luo, Lingai, 2023. "Experimental and numerical study on the thermocline behavior of packed-bed storage tank with sensible fillers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 106-121.
    19. Pitié, F. & Zhao, C.Y. & Baeyens, J. & Degrève, J. & Zhang, H.L., 2013. "Circulating fluidized bed heat recovery/storage and its potential to use coated phase-change-material (PCM) particles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 505-513.
    20. Lutsenko, Nickolay A. & Fetsov, Sergey S., 2020. "Effect of side walls shape on charging and discharging performance of thermal energy storages based on granular phase change materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 466-477.
    21. SarI, Ahmet & Alkan, Cemil & Karaipekli, Ali, 2010. "Preparation, characterization and thermal properties of PMMA/n-heptadecane microcapsules as novel solid-liquid microPCM for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(5), pages 1529-1534, May.
    22. Wang, Lijiu & Meng, Duo, 2010. "Fatty acid eutectic/polymethyl methacrylate composite as form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(8), pages 2660-2665, August.
    23. Dong, Honglin & Wang, Dandan & Niu, Xiaofeng & Zhang, Yue & He, Xu & Ke, Qing & Lu, Zhiheng, 2022. "Experimental study on the liquid desiccant dehumidification performance of microencapsulated phase change materials slurry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    24. Amin, N.A.M. & Bruno, F. & Belusko, M., 2012. "Effectiveness–NTU correlation for low temperature PCM encapsulated in spheres," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 549-555.
    25. Amin, N.A.M. & Belusko, M. & Bruno, F., 2014. "An effectiveness-NTU model of a packed bed PCM thermal storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 356-362.

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