IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v115y2014icp360-373.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influencing factors on NOX emission level during grate conversion of three pelletized energy crops

Author

Listed:
  • Díaz-Ramírez, Maryori
  • Sebastián, Fernando
  • Royo, Javier
  • Rezeau, Adeline

Abstract

NOX emission behavior of three different pelletized energy crops, a herbaceous one, Brassica carinata, a short rotation coppice, Populus sp., and a blend of them, was assessed during fixed grate conversion. Measurements of NOX emissions were done at combustion conditions that yielded both thermal efficiency and CO emissions according to the European norm (EN 303-5:2012), and results compared to limits established by the Austrian deviations. Based on the experimental data, NOX results fulfilled the Austrian restrictions except during combustion of brassica, which exhibited the highest Fuel-N content. The Fuel-NOX was identified as the main formation mechanism. An opposite relation was determined between the specific NOX emissions and the Fuel-N conversion ratio obtained between the N-rich and the N-lean fuels tested here. The influence of the air supply (amount and distribution) on the NOX formation was also noticeable. In general, a higher proportion of air increased the specific NOX emissions and the Fuel-N conversion ratio. Possibilities to control the NOX emissions level by air staging were rather limited, particularly, during combustion of brassica and the blend because of their peculiarities as ash-rich fuels with high slag formation risk. For attaining an appropriate conversion of these fuels, primary air requirements substantially increased. Due to limitations found during the energy crops conversion, efforts to minimize the level of NOX emissions identified here for the troublesome fuels tested should be mainly focused on attaining both a properly designed air supply system and the grate temperature control as well as on conditioning the Fuel-N content, for instance, by blending.

Suggested Citation

  • Díaz-Ramírez, Maryori & Sebastián, Fernando & Royo, Javier & Rezeau, Adeline, 2014. "Influencing factors on NOX emission level during grate conversion of three pelletized energy crops," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 360-373.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:115:y:2014:i:c:p:360-373
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.011
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261913009045
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.011?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jansson, Christer & Westerbergh, Anna & Zhang, Jiaming & Hu, Xinwen & Sun, Chuanxin, 2009. "Cassava, a potential biofuel crop in (the) People's Republic of China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 95-99, November.
    2. Ehsan Houshfar & Terese Løvås & Øyvind Skreiberg, 2012. "Experimental Investigation on NO x Reduction by Primary Measures in Biomass Combustion: Straw, Peat, Sewage Sludge, Forest Residues and Wood Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-21, February.
    3. Verma, V.K. & Bram, S. & Delattin, F. & Laha, P. & Vandendael, I. & Hubin, A. & De Ruyck, J., 2012. "Agro-pellets for domestic heating boilers: Standard laboratory and real life performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 17-23.
    4. Suramaythangkoor, Tritib & Gheewala, Shabbir H., 2010. "Potential alternatives of heat and power technology application using rice straw in Thailand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 128-133, January.
    5. Borello, Domenico & Venturini, Paolo & Rispoli, Franco & Rafael, Saavedra G.Z., 2013. "Prediction of multiphase combustion and ash deposition within a biomass furnace," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 413-422.
    6. Roy, Murari Mohon & Dutta, Animesh & Corscadden, Kenny, 2013. "An experimental study of combustion and emissions of biomass pellets in a prototype pellet furnace," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 298-307.
    7. Carvalho, Lara & Wopienka, Elisabeth & Pointner, Christian & Lundgren, Joakim & Verma, Vijay Kumar & Haslinger, Walter & Schmidl, Christoph, 2013. "Performance of a pellet boiler fired with agricultural fuels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 286-296.
    8. Gasol, Carles M. & Martínez, Sergio & Rigola, Miquel & Rieradevall, Joan & Anton, Assumpció & Carrasco, Juan & Ciria, Pilar & Gabarrell, Xavier, 2009. "Feasibility assessment of poplar bioenergy systems in the Southern Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 801-812, May.
    9. Díaz-Ramírez, Maryori & Sebastián, Fernando & Royo, Javier & Rezeau, Adeline, 2012. "Combustion requirements for conversion of ash-rich novel energy crops in a 250 kWth multifuel grate fired system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 636-643.
    10. Martínez-Lozano, Sergio & Gasol, Carles M. & Rigola, Miquel & Rieradevall, Joan & Anton, Assumpció & Carrasco, Juan & Ciria, Pilar & Gabarrell, Xavier, 2009. "Feasibility assessment of Brassica carinata bioenergy systems in Southern Europe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2528-2535.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Meng, Xiaoxiao & Zhou, Wei & Yan, Yonghong & Ren, Xiaohan & Ismail, Tamer M. & Sun, Rui, 2020. "Effects of preheating primary air and fuel size on the combustion characteristics of blended pinewood and corn straw in a fixed bed," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    2. Gehrig, M. & Pelz, S. & Jaeger, D. & Hofmeister, G. & Groll, A. & Thorwarth, H. & Haslinger, W., 2015. "Implementation of a firebed cooling device and its influence on emissions and combustion parameters at a residential wood pellet boiler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 310-316.
    3. Rocío Collado & Esperanza Monedero & Víctor Manuel Casero-Alonso & Licesio J. Rodríguez-Aragón & Juan José Hernández, 2022. "Almond Shells and Exhausted Olive Cake as Fuels for Biomass Domestic Boilers: Optimization, Performance and Pollutant Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, June.
    4. Musa Bappah & Jiří Bradna & Jan Malaťák & Petr Vaculík, 2022. "Viability of some African agricultural by-products as a feedstock for solid biofuel production," Research in Agricultural Engineering, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 68(4), pages 210-215.
    5. Horvat, Ivan & Dović, Damir & Filipović, Petar, 2021. "Numerical and experimental methods in development of the novel biomass combustion system concept for wood and agro pellets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    6. Kraiem, Nesrine & Jeguirim, Mejdi & Limousy, Lionel & Lajili, Marzouk & Dorge, Sophie & Michelin, Laure & Said, Rachid, 2014. "Impregnation of olive mill wastewater on dry biomasses: Impact on chemical properties and combustion performances," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 479-489.
    7. Jan Malaťák & Jiří Bradna, 2017. "Heating and emission properties of waste biomass in burner furnace," Research in Agricultural Engineering, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 63(1), pages 16-22.
    8. Raquel Pérez-Orozco & David Patiño & Jacobo Porteiro & José Luís Míguez, 2020. "Novel Test Bench for the Active Reduction of Biomass Particulate Matter Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, January.
    9. Iqbal, Y. & Gauder, M. & Claupein, W. & Graeff-Hönninger, S. & Lewandowski, I., 2015. "Yield and quality development comparison between miscanthus and switchgrass over a period of 10 years," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 268-276.
    10. Kraiem, Nesrine & Lajili, Marzouk & Limousy, Lionel & Said, Rachid & Jeguirim, Mejdi, 2016. "Energy recovery from Tunisian agri-food wastes: Evaluation of combustion performance and emissions characteristics of green pellets prepared from tomato residues and grape marc," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 409-418.
    11. Sebastián Zapata & Maider Gómez & Carmen Bartolomé & Paula Canalís & Javier Royo, 2022. "Ash Behaviour during Combustion of Agropellets Produced by an Agro-Industry—Part 1: Blends Design and Experimental Tests Results," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-25, February.
    12. Tu, Yaojie & Zhou, Anqi & Xu, Mingchen & Yang, Wenming & Siah, Keng Boon & Subbaiah, Prabakaran, 2018. "NOX reduction in a 40 t/h biomass fired grate boiler using internal flue gas recirculation technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 962-973.
    13. Dai, C. & Cai, X.H. & Cai, Y.P. & Huang, G.H., 2014. "A simulation-based fuzzy possibilistic programming model for coal blending management with consideration of human health risk under uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1-13.
    14. Turzyński, Tomasz & Kluska, Jacek & Kardaś, Dariusz, 2022. "Study on chicken manure combustion and heat production in terms of thermal self-sufficiency of a poultry farm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 84-91.
    15. Kaczyński, Konrad & Kaczyńska, Katarzyna & Pełka, Piotr, 2021. "The influence of temperature and oxidizing atmosphere on the process of combusting pellets from agricultural and forest biomass in the stream of inert material," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1157-1164.
    16. Fan, He & Zhang, Yu-fei & Su, Zhi-gang & Wang, Ben, 2017. "A dynamic mathematical model of an ultra-supercritical coal fired once-through boiler-turbine unit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 654-666.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ozgen, S. & Cernuschi, S. & Caserini, S., 2021. "An overview of nitrogen oxides emissions from biomass combustion for domestic heat production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    2. Sungur, Bilal & Topaloğlu, Bahattin, 2020. "Experimental analysis of combustion performance of biodiesel absorbed pellets in a domestic boiler," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    3. Yarima Torreiro & Leticia Pérez & Gonzalo Piñeiro & Francisco Pedras & Angela Rodríguez-Abalde, 2020. "The Role of Energy Valuation of Agroforestry Biomass on the Circular Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, May.
    4. Sungur, Bilal & Basar, Cem, 2023. "Experimental investigation of the effect of supply airflow position, excess air ratio and thermal power input at burner pot on the thermal and emission performances in a pellet stove," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1248-1258.
    5. Wöhler, Marius & Jaeger, Dirk & Reichert, Gabriel & Schmidl, Christoph & Pelz, Stefan K., 2017. "Influence of pellet length on performance of pellet room heaters under real life operation conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 66-75.
    6. Fournel, S. & Palacios, J.H. & Morissette, R. & Villeneuve, J. & Godbout, S. & Heitz, M. & Savoie, P., 2015. "Influence of biomass properties on technical and environmental performance of a multi-fuel boiler during on-farm combustion of energy crops," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 247-259.
    7. Javier Royo & Paula Canalís & Sebastián Zapata & Maider Gómez & Carmen Bartolomé, 2022. "Ash Behaviour during Combustion of Agropellets Produced by an Agro-Industry—Part 2: Chemical Characterization of Sintering and Deposition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, February.
    8. Sungur, Bilal & Topaloglu, Bahattin, 2019. "An experimental investigation of the effect of smoke tube configuration on the performance and emission characteristics of pellet-fuelled boilers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 121-129.
    9. Duong, Van Minh & Flener, Ursula & Hrbek, Jitka & Hofbauer, Hermann, 2022. "Emission characteristics from the combustion of Acacia Mangium in the automatic feeding pellet stove," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 183-194.
    10. Sungur, Bilal & Basar, Cem & Kaleli, Alirıza, 2023. "Multi-objective optimisation of the emission parameters and efficiency of pellet stove at different supply airflow positions based on machine learning approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    11. Carlon, Elisa & Verma, Vijay Kumar & Schwarz, Markus & Golicza, Laszlo & Prada, Alessandro & Baratieri, Marco & Haslinger, Walter & Schmidl, Christoph, 2015. "Experimental validation of a thermodynamic boiler model under steady state and dynamic conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 505-516.
    12. Araceli Regueiro & Lucie Jezerská & David Patiño & Raquel Pérez-Orozco & Jan Nečas & Martin Žídek, 2017. "Experimental Study of the Viability of Low-Grade Biofuels in Small-Scale Appliances," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, October.
    13. Vicente, E.D. & Vicente, A.M. & Evtyugina, M. & Tarelho, L.A.C. & Almeida, S.M. & Alves, C., 2020. "Emissions from residential combustion of certified and uncertified pellets," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1059-1071.
    14. Stanisławski, Rafał & Robert Junga, & Nitsche, Marek, 2022. "Reduction of the CO emission from wood pellet small-scale boiler using model-based control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    15. Adolfas Jančauskas & Kęstutis Buinevičius, 2021. "Combination of Primary Measures on Flue Gas Emissions in Grate-Firing Biofuel Boiler," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, February.
    16. Bozaghian, Marjan & Rebbling, Anders & Larsson, Sylvia H. & Thyrel, Mikael & Xiong, Shaojun & Skoglund, Nils, 2018. "Combustion characteristics of straw stored with CaCO3 in bubbling fluidized bed using quartz and olivine as bed materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1400-1408.
    17. Stolarski, Mariusz J. & Stachowicz, Paweł & Dudziec, Paweł, 2022. "Wood pellet quality depending on dendromass species," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 498-508.
    18. Caposciutti, Gianluca & Barontini, Federica & Antonelli, Marco & Tognotti, Leonardo & Desideri, Umberto, 2018. "Experimental investigation on the air excess and air displacement influence on early stage and complete combustion gaseous emissions of a small scale fixed bed biomass boiler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 576-587.
    19. Kshirsagar, Milind P. & Kalamkar, Vilas R., 2016. "User-centric approach for the design and sizing of natural convection biomass cookstoves for lower emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 1202-1215.
    20. Horvat, Ivan & Dović, Damir & Filipović, Petar, 2021. "Numerical and experimental methods in development of the novel biomass combustion system concept for wood and agro pellets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:115:y:2014:i:c:p:360-373. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.