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Bio-fouling of subsurface type drip emitters applying reclaimed water under medium soil thermal variation

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  • Oliver, M.M.H.
  • Hewa, G.A.
  • Pezzaniti, D.

Abstract

Emitter clogging is very common in reclaimed water drip irrigation schemes. The clogging biomass appears due to bio-fouling of the emitters’ flow paths. The fouling biomass is a composite of microbial secretions and suspended particles both of which originate from the reclaimed water. This study investigates the process of bio-fouling in three types of pressure compensated (PC) emitters applying reclaimed water in South Australia. An experimental drip irrigation (DI) system containing subsurface type emitters was built and operated under a specific thermal range (16–24°C). A constant load of suspended solid in the reclaimed water was maintained throughout the experiment. Four ranges of organic particles (up to 300μm) were applied as the suspended load. The study identified series of definable web structures in the matrix of premature biofilms. The majority of the particles that contributed in building the interior of the biofilm were smaller than 30μm. The protein–carbohydrate ratio (>1) in the exo-polymeric substance (EPS) was recommended as a tool to predict the best period for flushing. Weaker hydrodynamic forces were observed in the low flow emitters (<2L/h) which were also very sensitive to clogging. On the contrary, emitters with higher flow rate experienced much stronger shear forces in the system and showed better anti-clogging performances throughout the experiment.

Suggested Citation

  • Oliver, M.M.H. & Hewa, G.A. & Pezzaniti, D., 2014. "Bio-fouling of subsurface type drip emitters applying reclaimed water under medium soil thermal variation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 12-23.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:133:y:2014:i:c:p:12-23
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.10.014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Puig-Bargués, J. & Arbat, G. & Elbana, M. & Duran-Ros, M. & Barragán, J. & de Cartagena, F. Ramírez & Lamm, F.R., 2010. "Effect of flushing frequency on emitter clogging in microirrigation with effluents," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(6), pages 883-891, June.
    4. Liu, Haijun & Huang, Guanhua, 2009. "Laboratory experiment on drip emitter clogging with fresh water and treated sewage effluent," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(5), pages 745-756, May.
    5. Puig-Bargues, J. & Arbat, G. & Barragan, J. & Ramirez de Cartagena, F., 2005. "Hydraulic performance of drip irrigation subunits using WWTP effluents," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 77(1-3), pages 249-262, August.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Zhou, Hongxu & Li, Yunkai & Wang, Yan & Zhou, Bo & Bhattarai, Rabin, 2019. "Composite fouling of drip emitters applying surface water with high sand concentration: Dynamic variation and formation mechanism," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 25-43.
    4. Zhou, Bo & Wang, Tianzhi & Li, Yunkai & Bralts, Vincent, 2017. "Effects of microbial community variation on bio-clogging in drip irrigation emitters using reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 139-149.
    5. Solé-Torres, Carles & Puig-Bargués, Jaume & Duran-Ros, Miquel & Arbat, Gerard & Pujol, Joan & Ramírez de Cartagena, Francisco, 2019. "Effect of different sand filter underdrain designs on emitter clogging using reclaimed effluents," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 1-1.
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