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Runoff and nutrient losses in citrus orchards on sloping land subjected to different surface mulching practices in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area of China

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  • Liu, Y.
  • Tao, Y.
  • Wan, K.Y.
  • Zhang, G.S.
  • Liu, D.B.
  • Xiong, G.Y.
  • Chen, F.

Abstract

Soil surface mulching is known to be effective in reducing surface runoff, increasing the infiltration of water into the soil and slowing soil erosion. A two-year field experiment evaluated three possible soil surface management practices: (1) conventional treatment, without mulching—the control (CK); (2) straw mulching (SM); and (3) plastic film mulching (FM). Each was evaluated for its effectiveness at retaining soil water and nutrients in orchards of citrus trees grown in the Xiaofuling watershed, Danjiangkou Reservoir area, in China. Runoff volumes, runoff ratios, sediment yield and the level of nutrient losses were tested in this study; the citrus yield and fruit quality were also compared. Results showed that annual runoff volumes were significantly (P<0.05) decreased using SM (106.4mm in 2009, 107.8mm in 2010) compared to using the CK (145.1mm in 2009, 145.5mm in 2010) and FM (130.6mm in 2009, 129.1mm in 2010) treatments. The SM treatment significantly decreased the sediment yield, by 18–22%, in both years (P<0.05). The cumulative total nitrogen and phosphorus losses during the periods of rainfall were also significantly decreased by the SM treatment relative to the CK treatment (P<0.05), correlating well with the observed decreases in runoff and sediment yield. The FM treatment significantly reduced total phosphorus losses (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship (P<0.01) between rainfall and runoff and between runoff, sediment yield and nutrient losses when using either exponential or linear models. The exponential model was a better fit for the relationship between rainfall and runoff, whilst a linear model best represented the relationship between runoff, sediment yield and nutrient losses. The results show that SM is beneficial for controlling runoff, sediment and runoff-associated nutrient losses in these citrus orchards on slopes.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Y. & Tao, Y. & Wan, K.Y. & Zhang, G.S. & Liu, D.B. & Xiong, G.Y. & Chen, F., 2012. "Runoff and nutrient losses in citrus orchards on sloping land subjected to different surface mulching practices in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 34-40.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:110:y:2012:i:c:p:34-40
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.03.011
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    6. Shuning Lu & Chong Yao & Faqi Wu, 2023. "Effects of Counter Tillage and Slope Gradient on Nutrient Losses on Sloping Farmland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-14, January.
    7. Hao Cheng & Chen Lin & Liangjie Wang & Junfeng Xiong & Lingyun Peng & Chenxi Zhu, 2020. "The Influence of Different Forest Characteristics on Non-point Source Pollution: A Case Study at Chaohu Basin, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-19, March.
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    10. Hermine Mitter & Mathias Kirchner & Erwin Schmid & Martin Schönhart, 2013. "Knowledge integration of stakeholders into bio-physical process modelling for regional vulnerability assessment," Working Papers 542013, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development.
    11. Panigrahi, P. & Srivastava, A.K. & Pradhan, S., 2021. "Runoff and soil conservation effects in Nagpur mandarin orchard under a sub-humid tropical climate of central India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    12. Panigrahi, P. & Srivastava, A.K. & Panda, D.K. & Huchche, A.D., 2017. "Rainwater, soil and nutrients conservation for improving productivity of citrus orchards in a drought prone region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 65-77.
    13. Liao, Yang & Cao, Hong-Xia & Liu, Xing & Li, Huang-Tao & Hu, Qing-Yang & Xue, Wen-Kai, 2021. "By increasing infiltration and reducing evaporation, mulching can improve the soil water environment and apple yield of orchards in semiarid areas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    14. H. Zhang & Q. Liu & X. Yu & L. Wang, 2014. "Influences of mulching durations on soil erosion and nutrient losses in a peanut (Arachis hypogaea)-cultivated land," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 72(2), pages 1175-1187, June.
    15. Dai, Cuiting & Liu, Yaojun & Wang, Tianwei & Li, Zhaoxia & Zhou, Yiwen, 2018. "Exploring optimal measures to reduce soil erosion and nutrient losses in southern China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 41-48.
    16. Sumaryanto & Sri Hery Susilowati & Fitri Nurfatriani & Herlina Tarigan & Erwidodo & Tahlim Sudaryanto & Henri Wira Perkasa, 2022. "Determinants of Farmers’ Behavior towards Land Conservation Practices in the Upper Citarum Watershed in West Java, Indonesia," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-21, October.
    17. Minghao Mo & Zhao Liu & Jie Yang & Yuejun Song & Anguo Tu & Kaitao Liao & Jie Zhang, 2019. "Water and sediment runoff and soil moisture response to grass cover in sloping citrus land, Southern China," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 14(1), pages 10-21.
    18. repec:zbw:inwedp:542013 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Liao, Yang & Cao, Hong-Xia & Xue, Wen-Kai & Liu, Xing, 2021. "Effects of the combination of mulching and deficit irrigation on the soil water and heat, growth and productivity of apples," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).

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