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La experiencia colombiana con los encajes a los flujos de capital

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  • Tovar, Camilo Ernesto
  • Ocampo, José Antonio

Abstract

Suavizar los ciclos de la cuenta de capitales y reducir la vulnerabilidad que estos traen consigo son objetivos deseables en los países en desarrollo. Este artículo evalúa las ventajas de aplicar un incentivo sencillo, no discrecional, preventivo (prudencial); y basado en un instrumento de precios que castiga drásticamente los pasivos de corto plazo en moneda extranjera. En especial, examina la efectividad de los controles a los flujos de capital que aplicó Colombia durante la década de los noventa. El análisis concluye que estas regulaciones fueron efectivas en reducir el volumen total de las entradas netas de capital y en mejorar la estructura de plazos de la deuda externa. El análisis econométrico sugiere que los flujos de capital guardaron relación directa con los diferenciales de tasas de interés, una vez que se controla por el costo adicional de los encajes no remunerados al endeudamiento externo. En consecuencia, el sistema colombiano de regulación del endeudamiento externo fue, a la vez, una política macroeconómica eficaz, que permitió que el país ejerciera un cierto control monetario y cambiario, y una "política de pasivos" que contribuyó a mejorar la estructura de vencimiento de la deuda externa

Suggested Citation

  • Tovar, Camilo Ernesto & Ocampo, José Antonio, 2003. "La experiencia colombiana con los encajes a los flujos de capital," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col070:10915
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    Cited by:

    1. Ffrench-Davis, Ricardo & Villar Gómez, Leonardo, 2005. "Estabilidad macroeconómica real y la cuenta de capitales en Chile y Colombia," Copublicaciones, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 1858.
    2. Christian Glocker & Pascal Towbin, 2012. "Reserve Requirements for Price and Financial Stability: When Are They Effective?," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 8(1), pages 65-114, March.
    3. José Antonio Ocampo & Jonathan Malagón González & Juan Sebastian Betancur, 2015. "La banca central colombiana en una década de expansión, 2003-2013," Books, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Economía, edition 1, number 72, August.
    4. Concha, Alvaro & Galindo, Arturo José & Vasquez, Diego, 2011. "An assessment of another decade of capital controls in Colombia: 1998–2008," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 319-338.
    5. Roberto FRENKEL, 2004. "Real exchange rate and employment in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico," Iktisat Isletme ve Finans, Bilgesel Yayincilik, vol. 19(223), pages 29-52.

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