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Schrumpfender Anteil an BezieherInnen mittlerer Einkommen in den USA und Deutschland

Author

Listed:
  • Markus M. Grabka
  • Jan Goebel
  • Carsten Schröder
  • Jürgen Schupp

Abstract

According to calculations based on the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study, the proportion of middle-income earners in Germany fell by more than five percentage points from 1991 to 2013, taking it to 61 percent. Germany is not the only country to have experienced such a downturn, however. Analyses of the situation in the US indicate a similarly dramatic decline. Middle-income earners are individuals in households earning a total income, before tax and social security contributions, of 67 to 200 percent of the median. In the US, however, there has been a stronger increase in income polarization than in Germany. This is due to the fact that, in the US, those who have left the middleincome group tend to be concentrated on the periphery of the income distribution. The share of income accruing to middle-income earners has also dropped substantially in both countries studied. This decline affected all age groups with the exception of pensioners. In the US, it was primarily immigrants from Latin America who tended to move down from the middle-income group, while in Germany, the most notable decline was seen in the share of foreigners in the middle-income bracket. However, when we look at the personal wealth of middle-income earners, differing trends can be seen: while in the US, this group experienced a decline in real net worth of over 25 percent, middle-income earners in Germany enjoyed an increase of 15 percent in real terms. Die Gruppe der Bezieher eines mittleren Einkommens ist in Deutschland von 1991 bis 2013 um mehr als fünf Prozentpunkte auf 61 Prozent zurückgegangen. Das zeigen Berechnungen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP). Damit steht Deutschland nicht allein, denn vergleichbare Analysen für die USA zeigen einen ebenso großen Rückgang. Bezieher mittlerer Einkommen sind Personen in Privathaushalten, die ein Gesamteinkommen vor Steuern und Sozialabgaben von 67 bis 200 Prozent des Medians erzielen. Die Polarisierung in der Einkommensschichtung hat in den USA allerdings stärker zugenommen als in Deutschland, da sich diejenigen Personen, die aus der Einkommensmitte abwanderten, in den USA stärker auf die Ränder der Einkommensverteilung konzentrieren. Auch der Einkommensanteil, der auf die Bezieher mittlerer Einkommen entfällt, hat in beiden Ländern deutlich abgenommen. Dieser Rückgang betraf alle Altersgruppen mit Ausnahme der Personen im Rentenalter. In den USA fand vor allem bei den Zugewanderten aus Lateinamerika ein Abstieg aus der mittleren Einkommensgruppe statt, in Deutschland sank vor allem der Anteil der Ausländer in der Einkommensmitte. Bei den Vermögen ergaben sich indes mit Blick auf die Bezieher mittlerer Einkommen unterschiedliche Entwicklungen: Während sie in den USA real einen Rückgang ihres Nettovermögens von mehr als einem Viertel hinnehmen mussten, kamen die Bezieher mittlerer Einkommen in Deutschland auf einen realen Zuwachs von 15 Prozent.

Suggested Citation

  • Markus M. Grabka & Jan Goebel & Carsten Schröder & Jürgen Schupp, 2016. "Schrumpfender Anteil an BezieherInnen mittlerer Einkommen in den USA und Deutschland," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(18), pages 391-402.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:83-18-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Holger Lengfeld & Jessica Ordemann, 2016. "Die Angst der Mittelschicht vor dem sozialen Abstieg revisited: eine Längsschnittanalyse 1984-2014," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 862, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    2. Nicolas Legewie & Ingrid Tucci, 2016. "Panel-basierte Mixed-Methods-Studien: Design, Feldzugang, Potentiale und Herausforderungen am Beispiel der Studie "Das Erwachsenwerden der Nachkommen von GastarbeiterInnen in Deutschland"," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 872, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    3. Feld Lars P. & Schmidt Christoph M., 2016. "Jenseits der schrillen Töne," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 17(2), pages 188-205, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Middle class; Inequality; Polarization; SOEP;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

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