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Verpflichtende Direktvermarktung von Windenergie erhöht Finanzierungskosten

Author

Listed:
  • Thilo Grau
  • Karsten Neuhoff
  • Matthew Tisdale

Abstract

The 2014 reform of the Renewable Energy Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz, or EEG) entailed that a mandatory direct marketing of green electricity be introduced in phases. According to this law, operators of larger wind turbines must sell their electricity production on the electricity market. In addition to the wholesale price they receive a floating market premium, which is based on the average market value of all wind power in Germany. The mandatory direct marketing affects both the costs incurred, as well as the revenues earned, by the plant operator. The costs of compensating for forecast deviations in particular, as well as the changes in revenue due to differences in site-specific production profiles, create new risks for investors, and can increase the project-based financing costs of wind turbines. The dimensions of these effects were examined in various hypothetical scenarios. Depending on the underlying assumptions, mandatory direct marketing may create additional support costs ranging from 3 to 12 percent for new wind turbines. Ensuring favorable financing costs should therefore be an important criterion in the further development of the EEG. Mit dem reformierten Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) des Jahres 2014 wurde stufenweise eine verpflichtende Direktvermarktung für Ökostrom eingeführt. Betreiber größerer Windkraftanlagen müssen ihre Stromproduktion demnach am Strommarkt verkaufen. Sie erhalten zusätzlich zum Großhandelspreis eine gleitende Marktprämie, die sich am durchschnittlichen Marktwert des gesamten Windstroms in Deutschland orientiert. Die verpflichtende Direktvermarktung beeinflusst sowohl die Kosten als auch die Erlöse der Anlagenbetreiber. Insbesondere die Kosten des Ausgleichs von Prognoseabweichungen sowie die Erlösänderungen aufgrund standortspezifischer Erzeugungsprofile schaffen neue Risiken für Investoren und können die Finanzierungskosten bei projektfinanzierten Windkraftanlagen erhöhen. In verschiedenen Szenarien wurden die Größenordnungen dieser Effekte untersucht. Je nach getroffenen Annahmen können sich aufgrund der verpflichtenden Direktvermarktung zusätzliche Förderkosten für Neuanlagen von drei bis zwölf Prozent ergeben. Die Sicherstellung niedriger Finanzierungskosten sollte bei der Weiterentwicklung des EEG daher ein wichtiges Kriterium sein.

Suggested Citation

  • Thilo Grau & Karsten Neuhoff & Matthew Tisdale, 2015. "Verpflichtende Direktvermarktung von Windenergie erhöht Finanzierungskosten," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(21), pages 503-508.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-21-1
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Feed-in tariff; project finance; wind energy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities

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