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Unbekanntes Terrain: Anleihekäufe der Europäischen Zentralbank

Author

Listed:
  • Kerstin Bernoth
  • Philipp König
  • Carolin Raab
  • Marcel Fratzscher

Abstract

The European Central Bank (ECB) decided to implement a comprehensive program to purchase bonds, including government bonds, at its Council meeting in January. The purchases are intended to anchor the rate of inflation and inflation expectations at just under two percent again. Given its lack of experience with this unconventional monetary policy instrument, the ECB is venturing into uncharted territory. Market expectations that the ECB would implement an additional round of monetary easing to fulfill its mandate have, in recent months, contributed to a further fall in interest rates and a depreciation of the euro. Since interest rates in the euro area are already very low and the current weak price trend is also affected by factors that are difficult to influence through monetary policy, the further consequences of the bond purchase program are still uncertain. In particular, its success depends largely on its impact on consumption and investment. At the same time, a monetary policy measure of this nature also involves certain risks. Through these purchases, the national central banks could become large creditors of national governments in the euro area. In the euro area this creates the risk of fiscal dominance, implying that future control of inflation could be impeded by fiscal considerations. Moreover, asset purchases of government bonds may undermine financial markets' disciplining role, thereby creating adverse effects on euro area countries' preparedness for reforms. Auf ihrer Ratssitzung im Januar beschloss die Europäische Zentralbank (EZB) ein umfassendes Ankaufprogramm für Anleihen, insbesondere Staatsanleihen. Die Käufe sollen dazu dienen, die Inflationsrate und die Inflationserwartungen wieder bei knapp unter zwei Prozent zu verankern. Angesichts der nur geringen Erfahrungen mit diesem unkonventionellen geldpolitischen Instrument wagt sich die EZB damit auf unbekanntes Terrain vor. Die Erwartungen der Märkte, dass die EZB zur Erfüllung ihres Mandats eine zusätzliche geldpolitische Lockerung durchführen würde, haben in den vergangenen Monaten die Zinskonvergenz gestützt und zu einer Abwertung des Euro beigetragen. Da das Zinsniveau im Euroraum nun bereits sehr niedrig ist, und darüber hinaus die schwache Preisentwicklung auch von Faktoren bestimmt wird, die geldpolitisch nur schwer zu beeinflussen sind, ist die weitere Wirkung des Anleihekaufprogramms ungewiss. Insbesondere hängt dessen Erfolg entscheidend von der Wirkung auf Konsum- und Investitionstätigkeit ab. Gleichzeitig birgt eine solche geldpolitische Maßnahme auch Risiken. So könnten die nationalen Zentralbanken durch die Anleihekäufer zu den größten Gläubigern der Staaten im Euroraum aufsteigen. Dies birgt im Euroraum die Gefahr fiskalischer Dominanz, bei der eine künftige Bekämpfung der Inflation durch fiskalische Erwägungen erschwert werden könnte. Ferner schwächen Anleihekäufe die disziplinierende Wirkung der Finanzmärkte, was sich unter Umständen ungünstig auf die Reformbereitschaft im Euroraum auswirken könnte.

Suggested Citation

  • Kerstin Bernoth & Philipp König & Carolin Raab & Marcel Fratzscher, 2015. "Unbekanntes Terrain: Anleihekäufe der Europäischen Zentralbank," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(13), pages 307-316.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-13-1
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Monetary policy; large-scale asset purchases; inflation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E6 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

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