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Elektromobilität in Deutschland: CO2-Bilanz hängt vom Ladestrom ab

Author

Listed:
  • Wolf-Peter Schill
  • Clemens Gerbaulet
  • Peter Kasten

Abstract

The German government plans to significantly increase deployment of electric vehicles. What impact would this have on the country’s power system and carbon emissions? This question was addressed as part of a European research project analyzing various scenarios up to 2030. One of the key findings of the study is that total annual power consumption of the four to five million electric vehicles (depending on the scenario) would be small. However, recharging the vehicles, particularly in an uncontrolled charging mode, which involves the car being fully recharged as rapidly as possible after being connected to the electricity grid, would result in problematic peak loads in the power system. The type of additional power generation required for electric vehicles also largely depends on the charging mode. For example, a charging mode that minimizes system costs would use a particularly high share of power from hard-coal- and lignite-fired plants, which, in turn, would result in an above-average level of specific carbon emissions of the charging electricity. If the electricity and transport sectors are both considered, it becomes evident that the introduction of electromobility would result in a significant net reduction in carbon emissions only if linked with an additional expansion of renewable energy sources compared to current plans. Die Bundesregierung plant eine deutlich stärkere Nutzung elektrischer Antriebe im Straßenverkehr. Welche Auswirkungen hätte dies auf das Stromsystem und den CO2-Ausstoß in Deutschland? Dieser Frage wurde in einem europäischen Forschungsprojekt im Rahmen unterschiedlicher Szenarien bis zum Jahr 2030 nachgegangen. Eines der zentralen Ergebnisse: Der gesamte Jahresstromverbrauch der je nach Szenario vier bis fünf Millionen elektrischen Pkw wäre gering. Jedoch würde die Aufladung der Fahrzeuge insbesondere bei ungesteuerter Aufladung, bei der die Pkw nach der Verbindung mit dem Stromnetz so schnell wie möglich vollständig aufgeladen werden, zu problematischen Spitzenlasten im Stromsystem führen. Die Art der zusätzlich notwendigen Stromerzeugung für Elektrofahrzeuge hängt ebenfalls stark vom Lademodus ab. So wäre bei einer systemkostenoptimierten Aufladung der Anteil von Stein- und Braunkohlestrom besonders hoch, was sich in überdurchschnittlich hohen spezifischen CO2-Emissionen des Ladestroms widerspiegelt. Bei gemeinsamer Betrachtung des Strom- und Verkehrssektors ginge die Einführung der Elektromobilität dann mit einer deutlichen Netto-CO2-Reduktion einher, wenn sie mit einem zusätzlichen Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien verknüpft würde,der über die bisherigen Ausbauplanungen hinausgeht.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolf-Peter Schill & Clemens Gerbaulet & Peter Kasten, 2015. "Elektromobilität in Deutschland: CO2-Bilanz hängt vom Ladestrom ab," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(10), pages 207-215.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-10-3
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electric vehicles; power system modelling; carbon emissions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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