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Reformvorschläge zur Einkommensteuer: mehr echte und weniger kalte Progression

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  • Stefan Bach
  • Peter Haan
  • Richard Ochmann

Abstract

The German political parties presented their plans for income tax rates and taxation of capital income in the run up to the parliamentary election. While the government parties are proposing tax breaks for the medium and higher income brackets by reducing the effects of bracket creep, the opposition parties want to raise the tax rates for higher earners. Proposals by the SPD (Germany's Social Democratic Party) and Bündnis 90/Die Grünen (the Green Party) could generate up to eight billion euros in tax revenues per year, but adjustments by taxpayers could reduce the volume noticeably. In contrast, the German government's planned reduction of bracket creep is likely to cost around four billion euros. The broad tax relief planned for the middle class by Die Linke (The Left Party) would lead to a fall in tax revenues of more than 20 billion euros, despite a large increase proposed for the top rate of tax. Tax breaks in the lower income bracket and an increase in taxes for higher incomes and on capital gains would lead to more progressive taxation and thus to a slight redistribution from high earners to low earners. The proposals examined here for income tax rates and capital gains tax made by the opposition parties would only create an appreciable, additional burden for households in the top five percent income bracket. Im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl haben die Parteien ihre Pläne zum Einkommensteuertarif und zur Besteuerung der Kapitaleinkünfte vorgelegt. Während die Regierungsparteien Entlastungen im mittleren und höheren Einkommensbereich über einen Abbau der kalten Progression vorschlagen, wollen die Oppositionsparteien die Steuersätze für Besserverdienende anheben. Die Vorschläge von SPD und Bündnis 90/Die Grünen könnten bis zu acht Milliarden Euro Steuermehreinnahmen pro Jahr erzielen. Allerdings könnten Anpassungsreaktionen der Steuerpflichtigen das Mehraufkommen spürbar mindern. Hingegen dürfte der von der Bundesregierung geplante Abbau der kalten Progression knapp vier Milliarden Euro kosten. Die breite Entlastung der Mittelschicht, die Die Linke plant, würde trotz der ebenfalls vorgeschlagenen erheblichen Anhebung der Spitzensteuersätze zu Mindereinnahmen von über 20 Milliarden Euro führen. Entlastungen im unteren Einkommensbereich und eine Anhebung der Steuern für hohe Einkommen sowie auf Kapitalerträge führen zu einer progressiveren Besteuerung und somit zu einer leichten Umverteilung von Hochverdienern hin zu Niedrigverdienern. Die hier untersuchten Vorschläge der Oppositionsparteien zum Einkommensteuertarif und zur Kapitalertragsbesteuerung würden aber nur die einkommensstärksten fünf Prozent aller Haushalte in nennenswertem Umfang zusätzlich belasten.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Bach & Peter Haan & Richard Ochmann, 2013. "Reformvorschläge zur Einkommensteuer: mehr echte und weniger kalte Progression," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 80(30), pages 3-12.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:80-30-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Richard Ochmann & Katharina Wrohlich, 2013. "Familiensplitting der CDU/CSU: Hohe Kosten bei geringer Entlastung für einkommensschwache Familien," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 80(36), pages 3-11.
    2. Chang Woon Nam & Christoph Zeiner, 2015. "Effects of Bracket Creep and Tax Reform on Average Personal Income Tax Burden in Germany," CESifo Working Paper Series 5626, CESifo.
    3. Junyi Zhu, 2014. "Bracket Creep Revisited - with and without r > g: Evidence from Germany," Journal of Income Distribution, Ad libros publications inc., vol. 23(3), pages 106-158, November.
    4. Fichte, Damian & Herrmann, Karolin & Lemmer, Jens & Schemmel, Lothar & Stern, Volker & Warneke, Matthias, 2013. "Bausteine für eine Reform des Steuersystems: Das DSi-Handbuch Steuern," DSi-Schriften 1, DSi - Deutsches Steuerzahlerinstitut des Bundes der Steuerzahler e.V., Berlin.
    5. Stefan Bach, 2014. ""Reichensteuer"-Diskussion: Hintergrund und Perspektiven," DIW Roundup: Politik im Fokus 16, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    6. Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose, 2013. "Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Herbst 2013," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 80(43), pages 3-77.
    7. Katja Rietzler & Dieter Teichmann & Achim Truger, 2014. "IMK-Steuerschätzung 2014-2018," IMK Report 93-2014, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    8. Projektgruppe Gemeinschaftsdiagnose, 2013. "Economy Picking Up – Put Budget Surpluses To Good Use," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 66(20), pages 03-60, October.
    9. Clemens Fuest & Stefanie Gäbler & Björn Kauder & Luisa Lorenz & Martin Mosler & Luisa Dörr, 2017. "Reform of the income tax: the rate of the Federal State of Lower Saxony," ifo Forschungsberichte, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 82, October.
    10. Flores Unzaga, Ismael Martin & Zhu, Junyi, 2014. "Bracket Creep Revisited: Progressivity and a Solution by Adjusting the Rich Tax in Germany," EconStor Preprints 100006, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    11. Clemens Fuest & Björn Kauder & Luisa Lorenz & Martin Mosler & Niklas Potrafke & Florian Dorn, 2016. "Hidden tax increases - the extra tax burden of the bracket creep and the expected impact of income tax rates "on wheels" on tax reliefs," ifo Forschungsberichte, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, number 76, October.
    12. Müller, Heiko & Houben, Henriette, 2013. "Auswirkungen eines mittelstandsfreundlichen Modells zur Erhöhung des Spitzensteuersatzes mit Verschonungsregeln für gewerbliche Personenunternehmen auf das Steueraufkommen," RWI Projektberichte, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, number 111420.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    personal income taxation; tax reform; tax evasion;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance

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