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Inequality below the Surface: Reviewing Immigrants' Access to and Utilization of Five Canadian Welfare Programs

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  • Edward A. Koning
  • Keith G. Banting

Abstract

Since the 1990s, many Western countries have implemented restrictions on immigrants' access to welfare programs, thereby creating new lines of exclusion between immigrants and the native-born. Canada is commonly seen to have resisted this trend. This view overlooks, however, that exclusion can come in different forms. In addition to direct formal exclusion from welfare programs, immigrants can also have more limited access because of indirect or informal mechanisms of differentiation. Reviewing five core welfare programs, this paper shows that direct, indirect, and informal types of exclusion exist in the Canadian welfare state, albeit with different consequences for different categories of newcomers. While this conclusion is not meant to suggest that immigrants face as much exclusion as they do in some other Western countries, it does demonstrate the need to avoid the complacency regarding immigrants' social rights in Canada.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward A. Koning & Keith G. Banting, 2013. "Inequality below the Surface: Reviewing Immigrants' Access to and Utilization of Five Canadian Welfare Programs," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 39(4), pages 581-601, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpp:issued:v:39:y:2013:i:4:p:581-601
    DOI: 10.3138/CPP.39.4.581
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    Cited by:

    1. Waad K. Ali & K. Bruce Newbold, 2020. "Geographic variations in precarious employment outcomes between immigrant and Canadian‐born populations," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 99(5), pages 1185-1213, October.
    2. Younsook Yeo, 2017. "Healthcare inequality issues among immigrant elders after neoliberal welfare reform: empirical findings from the United States," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 18(5), pages 547-565, June.

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