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El lado oscuro de la equidad: violencia y equidad en el desempeno escolar

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  • Juan F. Vargas
  • Luis Fernando Gamboa
  • Viviana García

Abstract

La literatura empírica sobre el efecto de los conflictos violentos en variables educativas se ha enfocado en la acumulación de capital humano y ha dejado a un lado otras variables relevantes como la equidad educativa. Usando la implementación empírica de Ferreira y Gignoux (2011) del marco conceptual de igualdad de oportunidades de Roemer (1998), este artículo estima el efecto de la intensidad del conflicto armado sobre la equidad educativa en Colombia, medida a través del desempeno escolar en las pruebas Saber 11º para el período 1997-2010. Para resolver sesgos potenciales por simultaneidad o por variable omitida se utilizan las capturas de homicidas por parte de la fuerza pública como fuente de variación exógena de la violencia en una estimación de variables instrumentales. Los resultados apuntan a que el conflicto aumenta la equidad de oportunidades en los logros educativos. Al aumentar las tasas de deserción escolar, el conflicto genera una selección positiva en cuanto a habilidad y esfuerzo para la fracción de estudiantes que el sistema retiene. Esto sugiere que se debe tener cautela al interpretar los patrones de equidad en la educación basada en resultados, en lugar de procesos.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan F. Vargas & Luis Fernando Gamboa & Viviana García, 2015. "El lado oscuro de la equidad: violencia y equidad en el desempeno escolar," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000090:013310
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    quidad; educación; conflicto; Colombia.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • D74 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions

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