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La relevancia de la desigualdad en la medición del desarrollo humano. Uruguay 1991-2002 2

Author

Listed:
  • Verónica Amarante,
  • Rodrigo Arim
  • Andrea Vigorito

Abstract

Según el enfoque de las capacidades de Sen, el desarrollo se concibe como la expansión de los logros de las personas y las sociedades en un amplio conjunto de dimensiones (Alkire, 2002). El Programa deNaciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (pnud) en sus informes mundiales sobre el desarrollo humano ha propuesto un indicador base, el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (idh), para medir los logros y comparar a los países desde esta perspectiva. Sin duda, este indicador supera las mediciones tradicionales basadas exclusivamente en el pib, pues incorpora la noción de multidimensionalidad y ordena los países en función de los logros alcanzados en tres áreas clave: la salud, el nivel educativo y el acceso a los recursos.Sin embargo, el idh surge de un proceso de agregación de índices sintéticos que miden la situación promedio de la población en cada dimensión, y resulta insensible a la forma en que los logros obtenidos en las tres dimensiones se distribuyen en la población. Recientemente, con el objetivo de superar esta limitación varios autores han propuesto correcciones al idh.En este artículo se presenta la evolución del desarrollo humano en Uruguay entre 1991 y 2002, medido a través del idh estándar y de tres familias alternativas de idh que incorporan una corrección por la desigualdad en la distribución de los logros alcanzados en cada dimensión.Con este objetivo se utilizan los enfoques desarrollados por Hicks (1997), Chatterjee (2005) y Foster, Lopez-Calva y Szekely (2005). Se encuentra que la incorporación de la desigualdad altera significativamente los resultados obtenidos sobre la evolución del desarrollo humano en Uruguay. A la vez se presenta un ejercicio comparativo del ordenamiento de los países de América Latina para la dimensión de acceso a recursos, con el idh estándar y sus versiones corregidas, en el que se observan cambios importantes en las posiciones relativas. Ambos resultados indican que la desigualdad debería ser incorporada sistemáticamente para evaluar la situación de las sociedades en cuanto a su desarrollo humano.

Suggested Citation

  • Verónica Amarante, & Rodrigo Arim & Andrea Vigorito, 2010. "La relevancia de la desigualdad en la medición del desarrollo humano. Uruguay 1991-2002 2," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000090:009010
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shoutir Kishore Chatterjee, 2005. "Measurement of Human Development: an alternative approach," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 31-44.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    bienestar; desarrollo humano; desigualdad; Uruguay.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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