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Die langfristige Entwicklung der Einkommenskonzentration in Österreich, 1957-2009

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  • Wilfried Altzinger
  • Christopher Berka
  • Stefan Humer
  • Mathias Moser

Abstract

Die internationale Literatur zur langfristigen Einkommensverteilung zeigt ein nicht einheitliches Bild. Insbesondere in den angelsächsischen Ländern ist im hundertjährigen Vergleich die Einkommenskonzentration seit Ende der 1980er-Jahre deutlich gestiegen. Im Jahr 2007, unmittelbar vor Ausbruch der weltweiten Finanzkrise, erreichte das oberste Dezil mit 49,7% den absolut höchsten Einkommensanteilswert. Dieser wurde lediglich im Jahr 1928 vor Ausbruch der Großen Depression mit 49,3% annähernd erreicht. In den kontinentaleuropäischen Ländern ist zwar größtenteils ebenfalls eine Zunahme der Einkommenskonzentration festzustellen, allerdings nicht in dieser dramatischen Form. Neuere Studien weisen allerdings auch für Deutschland und Frankreich auf eine starke Konzentrationszunahme hin. Die bisher vorliegende Literatur für Österreich zeigt folgendes Muster: Eine relative Konstanz der Lohneinkommenskonzentration zwischen 1933 und 1953; ein starker Anstieg in der Periode 1955-1957, gefolgt von einer Konstanz 1957-1964 sowie einem leichten Rückgang 1964-1970. Für die 1970er-Jahre zeigt sich eine eindeutige Nivellierung der Lohneinkommen, gefolgt von einem permanenten Anstieg der Ungleichheit zwischen 1994 und 2009. Das Bild für die Einkommensteuerstatistik und damit für jene Steuerpflichtigen, die schwerpunktmäßig Einkünfte aus Gewerbebetrieb und Selbstständigeneinkünfte erzielen, ist aufgrund der extremen Heterogenität der dabei erfassten Personen nicht konsistent.

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  • Wilfried Altzinger & Christopher Berka & Stefan Humer & Mathias Moser, 2011. "Die langfristige Entwicklung der Einkommenskonzentration in Österreich, 1957-2009," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 37(4), pages 513-529.
  • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2011v:37i:4p:513
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    1. Thomas Grandner & Dieter Gstach, 2015. "Decomposing wage discrimination in Germany and Austria with counterfactual densities," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 42(1), pages 49-76, February.
    2. Bartels, Charlotte & Jenderny, Katharina, 2014. "The role of capital income for top incomes shares in Germany," Discussion Papers 2014/32, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    3. Engelbert Stockhammer, 2011. "Polarisierung der Einkommensverteilung als strukturelle Ursache der gegenwärtigen Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 37(3), pages 378-402.

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