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NAIRU-Theorie und keynesianische Ökonomie

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  • Engelbert Stockhammer

Abstract

Massenarbeitslosigkeit ist eines der schwerwiegendsten ökonomischen Probleme Europas. Die gängigste Erklärung des Phänomens ist die NAIRU-Theorie, in deren Zentrum eine inflationsneutrale Arbeitslosenrate steht, die als relativ exogen betrachtet wird. Sie wird, gemäß dieser Theorie, von der Ausgestaltung des Arbeitsmarkts und des Sozialsystems bestimmt. Die Politikvorschläge der NAI RU-Theorie umfassen Kürzungen des Arbeitslosengeldes, Senkung der Lohnebenkosten, Senkung von Mindestlöhnen, Lockerung des Kündigungsschutzes, kurz Sozialabbau und Flexibilisierung des Arbeitsmarkts. Die keynesianische Theorie hat keine einheitliche Reaktion auf die NAIRU-Theorie und keine einheitliche alternative Erklärung des Anstiegs der Arbeitslosigkeit in Europa hervorgebracht. Während ein Teil der keynesianischen Diskussion die NAIRU als theoretisch inadäquates Konzept ablehnt, da die Arbeitsnachfrage von den Absatzerwartungen der Unternehmen abhänge und nicht von den Reallöhnen, betrachtet ein anderer Teil die NAIRU als ein sinnvolles Konzept, allerdings sei die NAIRU nicht exogen . Im Gegenteil, sie wird von der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung selbst bestimmt. Als Mechanismen, die zur Endogenisierung der NAIRU beitrage, werden Hysteresis und Kapitalakkumulation hervorgehoben. Wie in der empirischen Untersuchung gezeigt, haben beide Faktoren einen starken Einfluss auf die Arbeitslosigkeit, während Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen kaum Effekte zeigen. Dies bedeutet, dass Arbeitsmarktflexibilisierung, wie sie z. B. Gerhard Sehröder in seiner Rede vom 14. März angekündigt hat, ohne Nachfragestimulierung kaum positive Arbeitsmarkteffekte zeigen wird.

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  • Engelbert Stockhammer, 2003. "NAIRU-Theorie und keynesianische Ökonomie," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 29(2), pages 189-213.
  • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2003v:29i:2p:189
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